Management The new scorecard system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 813 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Business Essay Type Speech Level High school Topics: Organization Essay Did you like this example? In business, most of the companies face stiff competition of the others. Lack of strategies to deal with the competition may lead to failure of business due to poor management. Having such business solutions, scorecard system may facilitate positive performance of the business. Managers use scorecard to keep track performance of the business (Kaplan 1996).Johansen company faced competitive threat from the investors but having Clark as the manager, he planned to sort out things to remain in the position beside scorecard suggestions that he should receive an overall rating. Various challenges had impact to the performance of the company. First, the company had financial difficulties due to failure to include executives in decision making following up over reluctant of the members. This was solved by recommending replacement of senior executives aiming at financial performance improvement since the new body was curious to initiate ideas. In addition, there was implementation of based incentive system on financial matters making store managers to drive sales critically (Norton 1996). Secondly, analyzation of employees and financial data fueled compromises n customer services besides its profitability. This made the leadership team to change the incentive behavior. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management: The new scorecard system" essay for you Create order Besides financial performance of the Johnsens company, there is need to evaluate various possible solutions to the problem. Challenge to the financial problems may create low sales turnover in the market thus limiting investment returns of the company. Putting emphasizes on determination of sales promotions and stores marketing creates positive image to the entire business thus creating new customer demographics due to improved customer service. Furthermore, implementation of the new leadership team focuses on performance of the financial statements thus creating erosion on the success of customer service. Team work provides greater decision making especially to the places of work. The agreement to provide the new scorecard system as a new incentive and performance was initiated because of the stores managersrole. Under the performance of this new system, there will be assessment of stores managers including leadership, financial, customer service and strategy thus enabling ratings of the store managers. The ratings may be in accordance with the numerical scale, meet, below and exceeds expectations. The company strategy sets out forward movement to achieve the desired goals. It is facilitated by creation of companiesalignment and cohesiveness. Evaluation of the store managers on promotion of Johnsens materials and brands marks the journey of the strategy. Financial performance goal is the main company strategy (Norton 1996). Customers marks the start of any business in the society. Positive factors have enacted greater impact to the success of the implementation of the financial performance strategy. They include better communication between organizations thus creating room for better decision making. In addition, top managers inclusive of the executives exercises positive individual behavior. There is a big proportion of respect since managers with the highest ratings are promoted leaving no complaints. Johansens company structure on delegation and direction of duties marks its general improvement in performance. Human resource managers enact the role of forwarding the exercise results to? some? regional managers. This enable the whole leadership team to factor out various ratings of the stores managers. In addition, they also communicate employee complaints and turnover. According to the hierarchy, managers with the top ratings are promoted first to different regional levels (Kaplan 1996). Due to the nature of financial statements, orientations of short-terms and leading indicators of forthcoming financial performance Johansen saw the significance of introducing business perspectives in the business (Drucker 2011). They include, financial perspective which highlights the individual outlook of the companys shareholders. The holding capital in terms of operating income measures the strength of the shareholders. Customer perspective clearly is the simplest way of how the customers values the company. A company delivery of materials to the customer at exact time and the percentage of sales from the new products in the market identifies the company relationship to the customer. Efficiency as the measure in internal perspective highlights the flexibility and effectiveness of the operational tasks. Lastly, by use of research and development in business society innovation and learning perspective gives us room to continue with improvement while being creative in formulation of the ideas. Its measure articulates the proportional change in time margin (Norton 1996). Clark rating is below 5 because of the two reasons namely; low customer service and response rate. The physical location of Orange country was older and wealthier thus making the rate of survey to be low. In conclusion, the new scorecard system should be viewed as an organizational strategy because through it customer relations can be enhanced thus emphasizing on customer service to improve response rate. Market response rate in dependent of locality of the business enterprise having forces such as social status such as wealth and size of the market. Work cited P. F. Drucker, The Practice of Management (New York: Routledge, 2011 Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action.

Overview Of The Movie Coach Carter Essay - 1491 Words

Laying down in your bed, you hear this consistent knocking. You try to sleep through it but it seems as if it will never quit. Curious, you roll out of bed away from the comfort of your wife’s warm body but cautiously move closer, step by step downstairs into the direction of the sound. Each step you take wondering whether or not your house is being robbed. You finally ease your way downstairs and quickly flip the light switch only to find your home empty and totally void of any damage or evidence of a theft of any kind; however, you still hear the sound. You notice it’s coming from your front door, but its 3 A.M. on a school night. The hairs on the back of your neck begin to rise and your heart beats faster, wondering who is violently†¦show more content†¦Director Thomas Carter, an Austin, Texas native, with no relationship to Ken Carter, also directed the hit Save the Last Dance. Thomas Carter and Samuel Jackson worked together in this 2005 Paramount Producti ons to fully capture the peaks and valleys of Richmond High School’s special season. Coach Carter’s ability to stimulate the audience through an unique, original message; unpredictable ending; and dramatic change of characters, which are based on a true, riveting story, is what helped Coach Carter evolve the face of underdog genre. The intense plot with addition to its inner conflicts between the protagonists and antagonists had jostled the audience through the honorable journey of a new yet strong coach on a bewildered, downtrodden team as they scratched and clawed into new, more competitive territory on their way to the top. Not to forget that, this most inspirational story is based on a true story of how Mr. Ken Carter, portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson, takes a part-time and very low-budget offer to coach at his old high school. Coach Carter uncovers that the athletes are disrespectful and disobedient, while the community are willing to undercut and terrorize the coac h to support the good fortunes of their children. The conclusion to Coach Carter was so riveting and special is that the introduction and plot of Coach Carter still follows the basicShow MoreRelatedAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 Pagesormance,†© Original,†©and†©Style.†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Adidas†©sponsors†©many†©events†©such†©as†©the†©Olympic†©Games,†©and†©the†©FIFA†© World†©Cup.†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Its†©strategy†©is†©to†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"continuously†©strengthen†©our†©brands†©and†©products†©to†©improve†© our†©competitive†©position†©and†©financial†©performance†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(Overview).†© Situation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition†©Ã¢â‚¬ © Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy†© Adidas’†©mission†©statement†©is†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"to†©lead†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry†©with†©brands†©built†© on†©a†©passion†©for†©sports†©and†©a†©sporting†©lifestyle†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(adidas†©Group).†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Its†©strategic†©goals†©are:†©Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 Pagesormance,†© Original,†©and†©Style.†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Adidas†©sponsors†©many†©events†©such†©as†©the†©Olympic†©Games,†©and†©the†©FIFA†© World†©Cup.†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Its†©strategy†©is†©to†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"continuously†©strengthen†©our†©brands†©and†©products†©to†©improve†© our†©competitive†©position†©and†©financial†©performance†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(Overview).†© Situation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition†©Ã¢â‚¬ © Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy†© Adidas’†©mission†©statement†©is†©Ã¢â‚¬Å"to†©lead†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry†©with†©brands†©built†© on†©a†©passion†©for†©sports†©and†©a†©sporting†©lifestyle†Ã¢â‚¬ ©(adidas†©Group).†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Its†©strategic†©goals†©are:†©Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages social, cultural, and technological ones—when addressing these activities. 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Our management schools need to identify the skills managers use, select students who show potential in these skills, put the students into situationsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages†¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women†Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesButterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http:/ /books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37

Dell Jit Free Essays

Dell – Supply Chain Management Case Study 1 Case Contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2. Dell – Company Overview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Dell Jit or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 3. Dell Products and Services †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 4. Dell – Key Facts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 5. Dell Timeline†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6. Dell – Business Segment Information†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 7. Dell’s Evolving Supply Chain Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 7. 1. Typical Working of Dell’s Supply Chain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 7. 2. Five key strategies in Dell’s successful Direct Model †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 7. 3. A supply chain with old technology is of little value †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 8. Restructuring at Dell †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8. 1. New Distribution Channels – Direct Model and Retail Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 9. Integrating the Supply Chain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 This case study covers the following issues: 1. Examine and analyze Dell’s Direct model, its basic working, success and future challenges 2. Typical Working of Dell’s Supply Chain and future supply chain challenges 3. Highlights Dell’s evolving Supply Chain practices and strategy and steps being taken by it to recapture its lost market leader position Case Study Keywords: Dell, Direct model, Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Strategies, Build-to-order model, Inventory optimization, PC Manufacturing, Retail Distribution Channel, HP, Notebook computers, Desktop personal computers, Competitive Business Strategies, Sustaining competitive advantage, Michael Dell 1 Please note: This case study was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion. Accuracy of information cannot be guaranteed. Please do not copy without permission.  © casestudyinc. com 2008 1. Introduction Dell thinks about their offerings as microprocessors, disk drives and frames-per-second graphics. But consumers just want a computer they can be proud of when they show it to their friends, listen to music, watch videos and do office work† – Christian Terwiesch, a Wharton professor Dell has been following its unique ‘direct build-to-order’ sales model for more than 20 years. Customers can plan th eir own configuration and place orders directly with the company via the phone or its Web site. Over the years, Dell’s supply chain efficiencies and direct sales gave it a competitive advantage. In 2006 however, Dell faced several problems. Many customers complained about long delays in supplies. Recall of Sony battery cells in its laptops brought undesirable media hype to the company. Increasing discontent of customers led to a slowdown in sales. Consequently, Dell lost its market leadership to HewlettPackard Co. (HP). Industry analysts felt that, with Dell’s competitors also improving their supply chains and matching Dell’s direct model, the company had been losing its competitive edge. Dell will have to bear additional costs with its foray into retail distribution thereby minimizing its cost advantage. Besides, profit margins of Dell will drop further since it will have to offer incentives to compete with HP in retail stores. Though Dell spruced up its product design and range but Apple is clearly far ahead of it. Many experts feel that such new initiatives will only distract Dell from its supply chain operations. 2. Dell – Company Overview Dell is a leading technology company, offering a wide range of computer product categories. Its product categories include: desktop computer systems, mobility products (notebooks), servers, storage, software and peripherals, and services. Dell is the number one supplier of personal computers in the United States, and the number two supplier worldwide. Dell also offers various financing alternatives, asset management services, and other customer financial services. Dell has manufacturing locations worldwide. Dell’s build-to-order manufacturing model allows it to substantially reduce costs and at the same time offering customers the ability to customize their product purchases. 3. Dell Products and Services Product Lines and Brands Desktop PCs †¢ OptiPlex †¢ Dimension †¢ XPS †¢ Alienware †¢ Vostro Servers and Networking PowerEdge and PowerConnect Storage Dell | EMC and Dell PowerVault Mobility XPStm and Alienware, Inspiron and Latitude lines of notebook computers Software and Peripherals Dell branded Printers, software titles, televisions, notebook accessories, networking and wireless products, digital cameras, power adapters, scanners, and other products Enhanced Services †¢ Infrastructure Consulting Services †¢ Deployment Services. †¢ Asset Recovery and Recycling Services. †¢ Training Services †¢ Enterprise Support Services †¢ Client Support services †¢ Managed Lifecycle services Financial Services Various customer financial services for business and onsumer customers in the U. S. through Dell Financial Services L. P 4. Dell – Key Facts Dell: Quick Facts Company Type Corporate Headquarters Revenues Industry Employees Manufacturing Facilities Distribution Product Lines Brands Major Competitors Business/Growth Strategy Key Executives Name, (age),Designation Website Public (NASDAQ: DEL L) Round Rock, Texas $57. 4 billion (fiscal 2007) Hardware, PC Manufacturing Approximately 90,500 total employees (Fiscal 2007) †¢ Brazil — El Dorado do Sul †¢ Florida — Miami (Alienware) †¢ North Carolina — Winston-Salem †¢ Ohio — West Chester †¢ Tennessee — Lebanon and Nashville Texas — Austin †¢ Ireland — Limerick and Athlone (Alienware) †¢ China — Xiamen †¢ Malaysia — Penang Worldwide †¢ Desktop PCs †¢ Mobility products †¢ Servers and Storage †¢ Software and peripherals and †¢ Services †¢ OptiPlex †¢ Dimension †¢ XPS †¢ Dell Precision and Alienware MJ-12 ® †¢ PowerEdge †¢ Dell PowerVault †¢ Inspiron †¢ Latitude †¢ HP †¢ Acer †¢ Lenovo Direct customer model Highly efficient manufacturing and logistics, and New distribution channels to reach customers Michael S. Dell (42) Chairman of the Board of Di rectors and CEO Donald J. Carty (61) Vice Chairman and CFO Michael R. Cannon (54) President, Global Operations Stephen J. Felice (50) Senior VP and President, Asia Pacific-Japan Mark Jarvis (44) Senior VP, Chief Marketing Officer David A. Marmonti (48) Senior VP and President, EMEA www. dell. com 5. Dell Timeline Dell Timeline 1983 Michael Dell used to upgrade IBM compatible PCs in his spare. (He was a freshman at the University of Texas, Austin) 1984 Michael Dell established PC’s Ltd with sales US$ 6 million in its first full year of operations 1985 Turbo PC, first computer introduced by the company. Turbo PC was advertised in computer magazines and sold directly to customers 993 Dell joins the ranks of top-five computer system makers worldwide 1996 Dell pioneers Internet sales with earnings approx 1 million dollars per day just seven months after launch of www. dell. com 1998 The company changed its name to Dell Computer Corporation 1999 Dell introduces E-support tool to provide online technical support 2000 Online sales continue to grow to $5 0 million per day 2001 Dell achieves No. 1 ranking on global market share 2003 Dell launches Dell Recycling initiative 2004 Inventory turnover rate in Dell was at 107 times a year, compared to 8. 5 times at HP and 17. times in IBM. 2005 â€Å"America’s Most Admired Company† – Fortune Magazine 2005, 2006 Dell faced several problems, and lost its position as the largest selling PC manufacturer to HP 2007 Dell announced that it planned to move most of its global supply chain and manufacturing operations to Singapore, which would function as the company’s ‘shared headquarters 2007 Michael Cannon assumes responsibility as the Head of Global Operations Organization 2007 Michael Dell (Michael) returned as CEO on January 31, 2007 2007 Retail partnerships with Wal-Mart, Staples, Gome, Bic Camera and Carphone Warehouse 2007 Dell launches the Direct2Dell corporate blog and other idea forums to listen and engage customers 6. Dell – Business Segment Information Dell conducts operations worldwide. Dell is managed in three geographic regions: †¢ †¢ †¢ Americas Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Asia Pacific-Japan (APJ). Major Business Segment Based in Americas Round Rock, Texas EMEA Bracknell, England APJ Singapore Covers Business – sales to corporate, government, healthcare, education, and small and medium business customers U. S. Consumer – sales primarily to individual consumers and selected retail partners Covers Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Covers the Asian countries of the Pacific Rim as well as Australia, New Zealand, and India 7. Dell’s Evolving Supply Chain Strategy Dell’s past performance has been the result of its direct customer model. Dell’s success is attributed to a constant focus on delivering directly to its customers, related technology and services at the best value. Dell’s operations involve highly efficient manufacturing and logistics to lower the cost of technology. 7. 1. Typical Working of Dell’s Supply Chain Dell Supply Chain works as follows: 1. Customer places an order, either by phone or through the Internet on its website . Dell processes the order in 2-3 days by evaluating financial feasibility (credit checking) and technical feasibility (technical con? guration) 3. Dell processes the order to one of its manufacturing locations 4. These plants can put together, test, and package the product in about eight hours 5. Dell typically plans to ship a ll orders no later than ? ve days after receipt 7. 2. Five key strategies in Dell’s successful Direct Model Five key strategies in Dell’s successful Direct Model †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Rapid time to volume Built to order products Elimination of reseller markups Superior customer service and support Low inventory and capital investment 7. 3. A supply chain with old technology is of little value The direct model involves bypassing retailers and selling personal computer systems directly to customers. This helps avoid the delays and costs of an additional stage (holding inventory) in the supply chain. Typically, each technology component loses about 0. 5 to 2 percent in a rapidly changing environment. A supply chain with old technology is of little value. Dell maintained very little inventory and concentrated on pacing its products through its supply chain. This also meant that there was no question of selling old products at a discount. 8. Restructuring at Dell Dell failed to meet its quarterly financial forecasts. Consequently, Dell lost its market leadership to Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP). In order to settle a few accounting issues, the company decided to restate its financial results for the last four years. Michael Dell had to take the CEO’s responsibility again, replacing Kevin Rollins. Michael Dell felt the importance of increasing the capacity, via the direct model, to manufacture close to its customer and fully integrate its supply chain into one global organization. To do so Dell had to innovate and adapt its supply chain model to help drive differentiated product design, manufacturing and distribution models. He began a series of restructuring exercises. 8. 1. New Distribution Channels – Direct Model and Retail Strategy While part of the restructuring involved cutting 8,000 jobs, or 10. 0% of its workforce, the biggest surprise was the move of Dell to complement its ‘direct sales model’ with sale of PCs through retailer channels as well. To reach even more customers globally, Dell launched new distribution channels to reach commercial customers and individual consumers around the world. This meant moving from a model of direct sales to making its goods available in stores across the world. This move allowed Dell to reach customers that it could not reach directly previously. From June 2007, it started placing its products in the shelves of Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club stores. In December 2007, Dell also announced that its Dell laptops and desktop computers will be sold through Tesco stores in Britain and Ireland as well as the high-growth eastern European markets of Poland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In U. S. Asia and Europe, Dell added Best Buy, WalMart, Staples, China’s Gome Stores, Japan’s Bic Camera, France’s Carrefour and British phone retailer, Carphone Warehouse to sell its products at nearly 10,000 retail outlets worldwide. In December 2007, Dell also chose WPP, the world’s second-largest marketing, media and communications conglomerate after Omnicom, to create a new agency that will handle $4. 5 billion in accounts over the next three years. Dell hoped that creating the agency would increase the time and money spent focusing on marketing and customers rather than pitching for the next project 9. Integrating the Supply Chain Earlier, Dell’s manufacturing, supply chain and procurement activities functioned separately. Procurement functioned as a standalone unit, the regional business executives were in-charge of manufacturing, and supply chain was a part of the worldwide operations of the company. All Dell’s factories had been managed regionally, and procurement functioned as a separate division. Michael aimed to integrate its supply chain and achieve higher efficiency and quality through Global Operations Organization (GOO). GOO is Dell’s center for integrating its global manufacturing, procurement How to cite Dell Jit, Essay examples

The Capital Asset Pricing Model Market Equities

Question: Describe about The Capital Asset Pricing Model Market Equities? Answer: Debts Securities Interest Rates are one of the most important things in the world of finance and are determined on the basis of various factors collectively. The interest rates in the markets help in the valuation of the various financial assets in a country and thus reduce the ambiguity in the valuation concepts. The market rates of interest are collectively controlled by various factors that change with the situation to determine the market interest rates of a particular economy. Some of the important determinants of the interest rates can be discussed here under as below: Nominal Interest Rates- The nominal interest rates on the different securities are quite different from each other and thus the interest rates differ in the normal circumstances. The quoted interest rates of a treasury bill would be different from the corporate bonds due to the difference in assumptions of the market on both these securities. Real Risk Free Rate- These rate also affects the interest rates on the securities as this the inflated protected rates. This rate is measured without the inflation effect and thus calculates the value at which the risk free securities are traded. Inflation Rate in the economy- The inflation rates prevailing in an economy are being calculated over the life of the security and is assumed on an average basis over the life of the bonds so it is calculated at different rates for the different securities. This does not imply that the current inflation rates would be considered for the purpose of the market interest rates as the life of the securities are used to find the market interest rates of the stock or security. The inflation rates are higher in an economy where there are sudden changes in the fiscal policy affect the market interest as well. Default Risk Premium- This is the premium charged for the counter party default risk that if the person fails to pay the principal and interest of the security then the same might be covered by this component of the interest rates. The default risk premium generally is higher in the case where there both the parties are not recognized under any law so the risk will be strong in that case otherwise the risk would be low and the market interest rates would go down as the default premium would be less. This risk premium had a good impact on the market interest rates and addresses the issues of the determination of the rates. Liquidity premium- This the premium charged if the securities are not easily convertible into cash and therefore the lender charges such interest as an compensation against the low liquidity of the assets. The more the asset is liquid then it will be less interest rate as the investors can convert into cash. The premiums are high on those securities where the assets have a longer duration due which the liquidity of these assets all and there is a stronger effect on the interest rates. This premium is low for the securities issued by the larger companies and high for the securities issued by the small firms. Lastly one of the factors is the Maturity Risk Premium which is the premium for fall in the market value of the security at the time of redemption of the same. This is generally lower for the sort term instruments and higher for the long term instruments of the company. 2. In the world of finance yield is the term that is mostly used for the return on the assets at various interest rates for the time period of the asset. The yield curve generally shows the time period of the asset and the return that it will be giving. The interest rates that are being earned on the assets are being compared to the yield of a security. For example in case of a bond the term used is YTM that means yield to maturity which refers to the time period during which the asset would mature and what would be the return it will provide to the investor. It can be regarded as the hidden return in the outflows and the inflows of the asset. This curve in short shows the relation between the return and the time period of the assets. The yield curve can be generally of three types with regards to the shape of the same. The three types of yield curve are as follows Normal Yield Curve- This curve shows that the short term yields on the asset are lower than the long term yields and as the time increases the rate of yield goes up in such kind of assets so the investors should wait for a return in such type of assets and this is also known as positive yield curve with a higher return in the long term. This curve moves upward with the passage of time as below Second variant of the curve is the inverted shaped curve which shows that the returns will be higher at the early period of security for the short period and this forms an inverted curve as the returns are higher at the downside and lower when the assets are held for a longer period of time. This curve is inverted shaped and is presented below. The third and the final yield curve is in the form of Flat shape and is called the Flat Shaped Yield curve. In this the yield on the securities are the same irrespective of the time period for which the securities are being held by the investors. There is no difference in the long term and short term yields of the bonds as the time passes but the yield is same, This type of curve is horizontal in shape as shown below. 3 Debt Securities are mostly issued by those enterprises that dont want to dilute the share of their equity holdings and also raise funds in order to finance the projects of the firm. The debt securities are majorly the financial instrument that serves as a debt to the enterprise. The types of Debt Security can be classified as Term Loans, Leases, Debentures and Bonds. Term Loans is a monetary loan that is being paid at regular payments over a particular period of time. These loans are being given on individual basis and for a particular purpose which is well defined and used for the extension of business very commonly. There are some criteria for which loans are being given to the various enterprises. These term loans are given to the small sized firms and often to the large sized firms too with different conditions. Leases are also under the debt security under which the lesser leases the right of the property to be used by the other person for a definite period of time by the paying on annual rates as the debt charges for the leased asset. This also facilitates the lease to expand the business with ease and also the assets are being utilized in a proper manner. The various types of tractions that take place are operating lease for a short period of the life of the asset, Financial Lease, Sale and Lease back and Leveraged Lease. Debentures are also debt security which is issued as a loan instrument and the funds are collected as a debt from these debenture holders. These are issued in the physical form as well as dematerialized form. The types of debentures are Convertible and Non Convertible debentures, secured and non secured debentures, redeemable and irredeemable debentures also. Lastly one of the common debt security are the bonds which are traded on behalf of the government as well as by the private players also and are traded in different forms across the globe. The various classes of binds that are commonly used in the debt market as follows. On the basis of maturity they can be classified as callable bond, puttable bond and convertible bonds as well. On the basis of payment it can be classified as amortizing bond and bond with sinking fund provision. And on the basis of the coupon it can be classified as Zero coupon bonds and floating rate bonds. Valuation Of The Corporate Bond FV of the Bond $ 100,000.00 Maturity 10 years Coupon 6% Coupon per semi annually $ 3,000.00 Timeline Showing the Cash Flows 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 $ 3,000.00 Semis 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 $ 103,000.00 Semis 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th Valuation Of the Bond Semis Inflows PV @ 4% 1 3000 2884.6 2 3000 2773.7 3 3000 2667.0 4 3000 2564.4 5 3000 2465.8 6 3000 2370.9 7 3000 2279.8 8 3000 2192.1 9 3000 2107.8 10 3000 2026.7 11 3000 1948.7 12 3000 1873.8 13 3000 1801.7 14 3000 1732.4 15 3000 1665.8 16 3000 1601.7 17 3000 1540.1 18 3000 1480.9 19 3000 1423.9 20 103000 47007.9 Value of Bond $ 86,410 Price Movements At time = 2 years 5 3000 2884.6 6 3000 2773.7 7 3000 2667.0 8 3000 2564.4 9 3000 2465.8 10 3000 2370.9 11 3000 2279.8 12 3000 2192.1 13 3000 2107.8 14 3000 2026.7 15 3000 1948.7 16 3000 1873.8 17 3000 1801.7 18 3000 1732.4 19 3000 1665.8 20 103000 54992.5 Value of Bond $ 88,348 At time = 4 years 9 3000 2884.6 10 3000 2773.7 11 3000 2667.0 12 3000 2564.4 13 3000 2465.8 14 3000 2370.9 15 3000 2279.8 16 3000 2192.1 17 3000 2107.8 18 3000 2026.7 19 3000 1948.7 20 103000 64333.5 Value of Bond $ 90,615 At time = 6 years 13 3000 2884.6 14 3000 2773.7 15 3000 2667.0 16 3000 2564.4 17 3000 2465.8 18 3000 2370.9 19 3000 2279.8 20 103000 75261.1 Value of Bond $ 93,267 At time = 8years 17 3000 2884.6 18 3000 2773.7 19 3000 2667.0 20 103000 88044.8 Value of Bond $ 96,370 So it could be said that the with the increase in time the value of the bond is rising as the coupons are decreasing so the investors would like to pay less for the bond as time increases References Works Cited ACCA. (2014). CAPM: THEORY, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES. ACCA , 1-1. Blackwell, W. (1983). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Empiricism. Royal Economic Society , 145-165. Brocado, C. (2015). Add Emerging Market Equities To Your Portfolio Now To Boost Its Diversification. Seeking Alpha , 1-1. Burton, J. (1998). Revisiting The Capital Asset Pricing Model. Stanford Times , 20-28. CARRICK, R. (2014). How to globally diversify your exposure to stocks. The Globe and Mail , 1-1. David W. Mullins, J. (1982). Does the Capital Asset Pricing Model Work? Harvard Business , 1-1. DeLegge, R. (2014). Portfolio Analysis: An Adventurous $496,000 Investment Plan. Us News , 1-1. Fama, E. F. (2004). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 25-46. John Dowdee. (2015). A Diversified, High-Income Bond Portfolio For 2015. Seeking Alpha , 1-1. Stutzer, M. (2010). The Paradox of Diversification. The Journal Of Investing , 32-35. Wohlner, R. (2013). Here's Why Diversification Matters. The Smarter Investor , 1-1.

The Truman Show and Media Manipulation Essay Example

The Truman Show and Media Manipulation Essay The Truman Show is an eye-opening film, directed by Peter Weiss, about how we, as humans, are controlled by the media – advertisements, the news, movies, Facebook and anything that can help with our escape from reality. Us humans only want excitement and happiness in life and the drama of TV is a perfect way to escape from our problems and find the life we always wanted. After all, what better way to live a ‘fulfilling’ life than to live someone else’s, right? The Truman Show helps us to understand the importance of reality and the lack of it in our lives. The director used Christof, the ‘director’ of the show to symbolise the control media has over us all, Truman, the star of the show, with the life we wish ‘we’ had, and of course, the viewers, that symbolise the human population (us) who seem to do nothing but watch The Truman Show all day, every day; living no life of their own. The movie used the characters to symbolise our lives, and just ‘us’ as the human population in general. We have Christof who symbolises the media and the control it has over us, Truman who is the glorified character and the audience who does nothing but indulge in Truman’s life. Christof also symbolises TV industries and businesses, often commenting on contracts and ratings and including hidden advertising during the show. Christof uses manipulation and lies to control Truman and guarantee his alliance and ignorance, as well as the audiences respect; much like todays media industries, especially big ones like in Hollywood. We allow ourselves to be sucked into these lies and empty promises of a better life much like the audience in the show; who is often shown wasting their entire lives by doing nothing but watching the Truman show. These camera shots of the audience symbolise our obsession with media and how the media has raked us into a trap that we don’t even know we are in. The audience doesnt even notice their life passing t We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show and Media Manipulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show and Media Manipulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Show and Media Manipulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Cultural Appropriation in Music - Race Relations

Cultural Appropriation in Music - Race Relations Cultural appropriation is nothing new. For years prominent whites have been accused of borrowing the fashions, music, and art forms of various cultural groups and popularizing them as their own. The music industry has been particularly hard hit by this practice. The 1991 film â€Å"The Five Heartbeats,† for example, which was based on the experiences of real African-American bands, depicts how music executives took the works of black musicians and repackaged them as the product of white artists. Due to cultural appropriation, Elvis Presley is widely regarded as being the â€Å"King of Rock and Roll,† despite the fact that his music was heavily influenced by black artists who never received credit for their contributions to the art form. In the early 1990s, white rapper Vanilla Ice topped the Billboard music charts when rappers as a whole remained on the fringes of popular culture. This piece explores how musicians with wide appeal today, such as Madonna, Gwen Stefani, M iley Cyrus, and Kreayshawn have been accused of cultural appropriation, borrowing heavily from black, Native American, and Asian traditions. Madonna The Italian-American superstar has been accused of borrowing from a host of cultures to sell her music, including gay culture, black culture, Indian culture, and Latin American cultures. Madonna may be the biggest culture vulture yet. In â€Å"Madonna: A Critical Analysis,† author JBNYC points out how the pop star wore Indian saris, bindis, and clothing during a 1998 photo shoot for Rolling Stone magazine and the following year participated in a geisha-inspired photo spread for Harper’s Bazaar magazine. Prior to this, Madonna borrowed from Latin American culture for her 1986 video â€Å"La Isla Bonita† and  from gay, black, and Latino culture for her 1990 video â€Å"Vogue.† â€Å"Although one can argue that by taking on the personas of otherwise underrepresented cultures and giving them exposure to the masses, she is doing to world cultures like India, Japan, and Latin America, what she has done for feminism and gay culture,† JBNYC writes. â€Å"However, she made political statements about feminism, female sexuality, and homosexuality about their ideological representations in the media. In the case of her Indian, Japanese, and Latino looks, she has made no political or cultural statements. Her use of these cultural artifacts is superficial and the consequence is great. She has further perpetuated the narrow and stereotypical representations of minorities in the media.† Gwen Stefani Singer Gwen Stefani faced criticism in 2005 and 2006 for appearing with a silent group of Asian-American women who accompanied her to promotional appearances and other events. Stefani called the women â€Å"Harajuku Girls† after the women she encountered in the Harajuku district of Tokyo. During an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Stefani called the â€Å"Harajuku Girls† an art project and said, â€Å"The truth is that I basically was saying how great that culture is.† Actress and comedienne Margaret Cho felt differently, calling the foursome a â€Å"minstrel show.† Salon writer Mihi Ahn agreed, criticizing Gwen Stefani for her cultural appropriation of Harajuku culture. Ahn wrote in 2005: â€Å"Stefani fawns over Harajuku style in her lyrics, but her appropriation of this subculture makes about as much sense as the Gap selling Anarchy T-shirts; she’s swallowed a subversive youth culture in Japan and barfed up another image of submissive giggling Asian women. While aping a style that’s supposed to be about individuality and personal expression, Stefani ends up being the only one who stands out.† In 2012, Stefani and her band No Doubt would face a backlash for their stereotypical cowboys and Indians video for their single â€Å"Looking Hot.† In the late 1990s, Stefani also routinely sported a bindi, a symbol Indian women wear, in her appearances with No Doubt. Kreayshawn When rapper Kreayshawn’s single â€Å"Gucci, Gucci† begin to earn buzz in 2011, a number of critics accused her of cultural appropriation. They argued Kreayshawn and her crew, known as the â€Å"White Girl Mob,† were acting out black stereotypes. Bene Viera, a writer for Clutch magazine, wrote off Kreayshawn as a rapper in 2011, in part, because of doubts about whether a Berkley Film School dropout could find her niche in hip-hop. In addition, Viera argued that Kreayshawn has mediocre skills as an MC. â€Å"It’s ironic how the white girl mimicking black culture has been viewed as quirky, cute, and interesting in the past,† Viera noted. â€Å"But sisters who fashionably rock bamboo earrings, gold nameplate necklaces, and blonde streaked weaves, will inevitably be considered ‘ghetto’ by society. It’s equally problematic that every female emcee post Queen Latifah and MC Lyte who has had massive mainstream success all had to sell sex. Kreayshawn, on the other hand, is able to avoid an over-sexualized image because of her whiteness.† Miley Cyrus Former child star Miley Cyrus is best known for her starring role in the Disney Channel program â€Å"Hannah Montana,† which also featured her country music star father Billy Ray Cyrus. As a young adult, the younger Cyrus has taken pains to shed her â€Å"child star† image. In June 2013, Miley Cyrus released a new single, â€Å"We Can’t Stop.† During that time Cyrus earned press about the song’s allusions to drug use and made headlines after debuting a markedly â€Å"urban† appearance and performing with rapper Juicy J on stage in Los Angeles. The public was shocked to see Miley Cyrus sport a grill with gold teeth and twerk (or booty pop) at the House of Blues with Juicy J. But Cyrus’ image overhaul was a decidedly concerted move, with her music producers commenting that she wanted her new songs to â€Å"feel black.† Before long, Cyrus faced a wave of criticism from African Americans concerned that she was using black culture to advance her career, which many before her had done. Dodai Stewart of Jezebel.com asserts of Cyrus: â€Å"Miley seems to delight in †¦twerking, popping the $$, bending at the waist and shaking her rump in the air. Fun. But basically, she, as a rich white woman, is ‘playing’ at being a minority specifically from a lower socio-economic level. Along with the gold grill and some hand gestures, Miley straight-up appropriates the accoutrements associated with certain black people on the fringes of society.†

Social Media called PATH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Media called PATH - Assignment Example The decision to have limited contacts was based on psychological research findings that prescribe that people have a limit for workable social connections. In addition, there are limitations imposed together with the provision for users to personalize how they share each post to facilitate greater personal information sharing by ensuring it is confidential to the user’s social inner circle contacts. Operant conditioning theory comes in use in that the users’ minds have to adjust to maintain the ideal ethics while socializing; any failure to follow the social ethics risks the account termination. With too many social networks in the market, Path faces a great challenge upfront. Nowadays market favor only rigorous business minded entrepreneurs (Quester et al. p. 35). Many people are already contented with the social network they use so economic model of information search is handy. However, path has come up with a prudent tactic to lure more users using expectancy value theory. They intensify on the issue of having not to keep on managing friend list as with Facebook, so they ask you to join for a world of easy connection with people close to you. Path as a social site is primarily designed for a few friends. It was launched back in 2010, and was the only social media likely to grant Facebook an overwhelming challenge. However, the reputation in the market has been deteriorating and they have to get back into the market and utilize variety of marketing theories and convince people to use their software. Being concerned about the consumer should be the first priority in marketing of the social site. The consumption theory dictates that the management team should be aware of the needs of the consumers prior to making decisions. Motivational theories puts it that the social site user must be attracted by a certain motivational factors as privacy of the information and free accessibility of the site, a concept path has failed to

Explain the Legal Framework for the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Essay

Explain the Legal Framework for the Bank of England's Monetary Policy - Essay Example except where clearly quoted and referenced. has been copied from material belonging to any other person e.g. from a book. handout, another student. I am aware that it is a breach of UEL regulations to copy the work of another without clear acknowledgement and that attempting to do so renders me liable to disciplinary proceedings. SECTION B: (to be completed by the tutor marking assignment) Assessment Criteria: Weightings Criteria based Feedback Mark Achieved Logical Sequence and Development 10% Evidence of Background Reading 20% Appropriate Depth of Analysis 30% Critical Evaluation of Issues/Results 25% Referencing Technique 5% Presentation including Language and Grammar 10% TOTAL MARKS 100% Good practice demonstrated: Aspect to consider for improvement: Tutor's Name: Date Received: PROVISIONAL MARK Explain the legal framework for the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy and discuss the effectiveness of central bank independence in times of financial crises. Module Code:FE3011 Mo dule Title: Monetary Economics Student Number:0843375 Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Bank of England – monetary policy 3 2.1 Overview of Bank of England’s monetary policy 3 2.1.1 Monetary policy, elements and effects 3 2.1.2 Monetary policy of Bank of England 4 2.2 Legal framework for the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy 5 2.3 Effectiveness of central bank independence in times of financial crises 7 3. Conclusion 8 References 9 Appendix 10 1. Introduction In most countries, the standardization of the economy is considered as a challenging task, even when the level of national resources, as combined with commercial activities, is characterized as quite satisfactory. The development of an effective monetary policy can help a country to secure its position in the international community; at the same time, a successful monetary policy can help a country to keep the control on its industries and resources, ensuring the availability of capital required for th e completion of local government’s plans. This paper focuses on the examination of the legal framework for the Bank of England’s monetary policy; furthermore, the effectiveness of the Bank’s independence in times of financial crises is discussed referring to the literature and the empirical evidence developed in the specific field. It is proved that, in the UK, the monetary policy is influenced by a series of factors; for this reason, the legal framework for the Bank of England’s monetary policy is not standardized. In its current form, the legal framework for the Bank’s monetary policy is quite flexible, incorporating rules for regulating all aspects, as possible, of the national economy. In the future, particular emphasis should be given on the valuable role of Bank of England in securing payments across the country, regulating the monetary policy of the country and controlling the activities of bank institutions (HM Treasury 2008, p.86). 2. Bank of England – monetary policy 2.1 Overview of Bank of England’s monetary policy 2.1.1 Monetary policy, elements and effects In order to understand the characteristics and the effectiveness of Bank of England’s monetary policy, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the elements of monetary policy, as part of a country’s economic life. According to Ruddock (2008), the monetary policy of each country is set and monitored by the country’

A Healthy Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Healthy Community - Essay Example In addition, a healthy community provides the members with a healthy environment. For example, healthy communities have clean water, clean air, and accessible medical services. To avert any unhealthy situations, the community invests heavily in health and prevention measures. Moreover, people are protected from health hazards caused by the lifestyles of others such as smoking. The community also invests in measures aimed at rehabilitating unhealthy lifestyles. Healthy communities believe that health is not only defined as the absence of illness, but also as a clean environment that gives people the opportunity to live a full life. Thus, healthy communities have low levels of illnesses, clean environment, clean air and water, and effective drainage systems. If I cared for the community whose definition of a healthy community is different from mine, I would use health education to put the various issues into perspective. I would involve the community in finding the rationale for their definition of health and also provide my rationale. In this way, a consensus on the definition of a healthy community can be reached, thereby enabling me to provide effective  care.

Everyman Must Have Been An Awesome Tool Religion Essay

Everyman Must Have Been An Awesome Tool Religion Essay The play Everyman must have been an awesome tool for witnessing to the churched and unchurched alike during medieval times. There were dramatic performances during spring and winter festivals in most countries during this period in history. This approach to drama helped to shape what came to be called the drama of the church. This form of public worship called liturgical services was most popular around Easter and Christmas. In the medieval society, there were many things to keep people preoccupied to the point where they did not focus on the salvation of their souls. In lines 74 through 82 Death describes some of these things, he says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Everyman will I beset that liveth beastly Out of Gods laws, and dreadeth not folly. He that loveth riches I will strike with my dart, His sight to blind, and from heaven to depart-Except that Almsdeeds be his good friend-In hell for to dwell, world without end. Lo, yonder I see Everyman walking: Full little he thinketh on my coming; His mind is on fleshly lusts and his treasure,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Everyman depicts the inevitable as the reading suggests, facing death and coming to terms with life. The character Everyman is confronted with his present condition of sin and is about to be judged. In lines 103 through 110 Death tells him, On thee thou must take a long journay: Therefore thy book of count with thee thou bring, For turn again thou cannot by no way. And look thou be sure of thy reckoning, For before God thou shalt answer and shew Thy many bad deeds and good but a few-How thou hast spent thy life and in what wise, Before the Chief Lord of Paradise. Everyman thinks that he can put off Death until he is ready by giving him money and asking Death to be kind, which is ironic. In lines 120 through 125 Everyman states, O Death, thou comest when I had thee least in mind. In thy power it lieth me to save: Yet of my good will I will give thee, If thou will be kind, Yea, a thousand pound shalt thou have-And defer this matter till another day. Now faced with death you would think that Everymans main focus would be his salvation, but instead he thinks that Fellowship, Kindred, Cousin, Goods, and Good Deeds can go with him to help him to plead his case. Only Good Deeds was able to point him in the right direction towards Knowledge, who was the only one who could go with him at first. In lines 486 through 488 Good Deeds states, Here I lie, cold in the ground: Thy sins hath me sore bound That I cannot stear-(stir or move). After Good Deeds introduced Everyman to Knowledge, he was finally headed in the right direction. Knowledge said to him, Everyman, I will go with thee and be thy guide, In thy most need to go by thy side. The lessons in plays such as Everyman were intended by the church to educate and steer medieval Christians in the right direction toward the salvation of their souls. This was important in their lives because of their belief that the salvation of the medieval Christians soul is achieved only through the church. Also important were the seven sacraments-key spiritual events in the life of medieval Christians. Knowledge leads Everyman to Confession so that he could ask for mercy, to be cleansed, and receive his Good Deeds. Everyman prayed for the sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation saying, in lines 544 through 553, O glorious fountain that all uncleanness doth clarify, Wash from me the spots of vice unclean, that on me no sin may be seen. I come with Knowledge for my redemption, Redempt with heart and full contrition, For I am commanded a pilgrimage to take An great accounts before God to make. Now I pray you, Shrift, mother of salvation, Help my Good Deeds for my piteous exclamation. Next, in lines 581 through 608, Everyman prayed for the sacraments of Penitence-admitting guilt and sorrow for his sins and also for Penance-the punishment for his sins. He also prayed for Eucharist, which is Holy Communion, Holy Orders and Marriage. After this prayer Good Deeds returned to be with him to go w ith him and help him declare his good works. Now with Everyman on his journey is Knowledge, Good Deeds, Discretion, Strength, Beauty, and Five-Wits. Knowledge tells Everyman about the sacrament of Extreme Unction in lines 706 through 711, Everyman, hearken what I say: Go to Preisthood, I you advise, And receive of him, in any wise, The holy sacrament and ointment together; Then shortly see ye turn again hither: We will all abide you here. After this Five-wits tells him about the importance of the priesthood. In lines 712 through 727 he says to everyman, Yea, Everyman, hie you that ye ready were. There is no emperor, king, duke, ne baron, That of God hath commission As hath the least priest in the world being: For of the blessed sacraments pure and bening He beareth the keys, and thereof hath the cure For mans redemption-it is ever sure-Which God for our souls medicine Gave us out of his heart with great pine, Here is this transitory life for thee and me. The blessed sacraments seven there be: Baptism, confirmation, with priesthood good, And the sacrament of Gods precious flesh and blood, Marriage, the holy extreme unction, and penance: These seven be good to have in remembrance, Gracious sacraments of high divinity. In the society of the medieval Christian it is the priest who dispenses the seven holy sacraments of the Christian life. The final act ends with everyone leaving Everyman except Good Deeds and Knowledge, who stayed with him until the end. Everyman gives a final warning for everyone to learn from his mistakes in lines 864 through 869, he says, Methink, alas, that I must be gone To make my reckoning and my debts pay, For I see my time is nigh spent away. Take example, all ye that this do hear or see, How they that I best loved do forsake me, Except my Good Deeds that bideth truly. This ending was definitely one that the medieval Christian church wanted everyone in this society to understand and it is, that you can not take anyone or anything with you even if it is buried with your body, you will stand alone before God to be judged and things as well as other people will be of no use to you. They stressed the importance of being a part of the church and doing good works and living according to the seven holy sacraments so that your good works would not be in vein.

The Raven and The Haunted Palace by Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- poem, symb

â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,† (â€Å"The Raven† 1). â€Å"The Raven† arguably one of the most famous poems by Edgar Allan Poe, is a narrative about a depressed man longing for his lost love. Confronted by a talking raven, the man slowly loses his sanity. â€Å"The Haunted Palace† a ballad by Poe is a brilliant and skillfully crafted metaphor that compares a palace to a human skull and mind. A palace of opulence slowly turns into a dilapidated ruin. This deterioration is symbolic of insanity and death. In true Poe style, both â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Haunted Palace† are of the gothic/dark romanticism genre. These poems highlight sadness, death, and loss. As to be expected, an analysis of the poems reveals differences and parallels. An example of this is Poe’s use of poetic devices within each poem. Although different in structure, setting, and symbolism these two poems show strikin g similarities in tone and theme. The structure and setting of these poems is quite different. â€Å"The Raven† is a narrative poem consisting of 18 stanzas. Each stanza consists of six lines. Conversely, â€Å"The Haunted Palace† is a ballad consisting of only 6 stanzas and a total of 48 lines. The setting of â€Å"The Raven† takes place in a chamber. We are not sure what type of room the chamber is; only that it is dark as the fire is dying and throwing shadows on the floor (â€Å"The Raven† 1-8). The setting of â€Å"The Haunted Palace† takes place in a palace in a valley. At first, the palace is beautiful and peaceful, but it turns to a dark sad ruin. Recall the palace is a metaphor (allegory) for the mind, so the setting also includes the healthy mind growing insane (Meyer, p. 893). While the structure and setting are dissimilar, the same... ...s, and demons. Upon a deeper inspection, I feel the two poems are reflective of Poe himself. Poe was a troubled soul that dealt with these themes during the course of his life. This could be an indication as to why the dark themes is so prevalent in these poems. Regardless of the reason for the similarities, much like the darkness that surrounded Poe’s life, the connected correlations of these poems will persist evermore. Works Cited Meyer, M. (2013). Bedford introduction to literature: Reading, thinking, writing. Boston: Bedford Bks St Martin’s. Poe, E. A. â€Å"The Haunted Palace.† Bedford introduction to literature: Reading, thinking, writing. 10th ed. Boston: Bedford Bks St Martin’s. 2013. 891-893. Print. Poe, E. A. â€Å"The Raven.† Bedford introduction to literature: Reading, thinking, writing. 10th ed. Boston: Bedford Bks St Martin’s. 2013. 789-791. Print.

Freight Forwarders Essay

A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution. They act as an intermediary between shipper and carriers, that is between exporter and the shipping line either by air, sea, road or rail. It is not unusual that multiple carrier is needed for a single shipment. The freight forwarder responsibilities include advice on documentation and customs requirements in the country of destination. His overseas correspondent looked after the shipment and keeps the forwarder informed about any matters that would affect the movement of the goods. When a business uses a freight forwarding company to move their merchandise, they are outsourcing many activities that are required in international shipping. A forwarder does not only move the goods but acts as an expert in the supply chain management. By outsourcing a shipment to a freight forwarder, there are various advantages for the trader as per below: 1. Outsourcing makes the trader job easier: One of the first benefits of hiring a freight forwarder is that the trader gets to outsource the job. The services offer by the forwarding agent includes customs documentation, risk management, insurance, warehousing, and customs clearing so that takes away the burden of managing these things to transport your freight items. 2. Freight forwarder provides professional services: Shipment of goods need a good planning and organising methods for a proper flow and ensure a good sequence. When hiring a freight forwarder, the trader can be assured of the professionalism in the work. At the same time, every process that is involved in the transportation of goods is duly considered. The freight forwarding company is also familiar with international destinations, custom rules and regulations, which vehicle and equipment are suitable for specific goods transportation. Therefore it is a good practice to hire a professional freight forwarder. 3. One stop solution for transportation needs: A freight forwarder provides various cargo related services to the exporters and importers worldwide. They have link and contact with many other different transporters and can transport your goods by means of air, sea and land. Freight forwarders have vast experience in the transport business and they are the best advisor for export and import business. 4. Time and cost saving: Freight forwarding companies are experienced in the transportation business therefore you get your job done in the shortest amount of time possible with quality service commitment. It can also save you the total cost for freighting your products. These companies have highly-skilled labors that have the sense of quality work and know their duties. 5. Offers the extreme ease: Freight forwarders offer the extreme ease for your transporting needs. You will get your goods transferred with satisfaction and reliability in the easiest way you could ever imagine. Such companies have vast connections with customs and other agencies that get your job done in a timely manner. 6. Avoid the risk of damage or any loss: If you hire a freight forwarding company, you can avoid the risk of damage or any loss of goods. Because the company will be responsible in that case if something happens to your freight items.

Free Essays on Charlmagne

Pepin the short, Charlemagneà ·Ãƒâ€¢ father, was King of the Franks and annoited by the pope as divine leader. During his rule Pepin deported the Lombards from Rome. He pillaged their right to live in Rome. Then, he gave a large strip of Lombard land in central Italy to the pope. The pope now looked to the Franks as his protector. Then, in 768 Charlemagne became the Frankish king. At that time the Franks were falling back to barbarian ways like not caring about their education or religion. Europe was in chaos. The Saxons of northern Europe were still pagans. In the south the Roman Catholic Church was trying to assert its power against the Lombard Kingdom. Charlemagne was determined to bring Europe back to order by converting everyone to Christianity, making it be ruled by one government, and by educating people. Charlemagne wanted all of Western Europe to become Christian. Charlemagne launched a campaign to conquer and convert the pagan Saxons. It was treacherous to be a Saxon. He did not want there to be any perfidy. His illumination was that if they did not convert they would be put to death. In one day he had 4500 Saxons killed. All the heathens were to become Christian or they would suffer the wrath of Charlemagne. He decreed that a tithe of all the produce of the land should be turned over to the church. He was able to enlarge his kingdom which was called the Frankish Empire. It included Germany, France, Northern Spain, and most of Italy. Now most all of Europe was finally ruled by one government, and Charlemagne was in control. Charlemagne wanted to revise learning because not many western Europeans could read and write. He established a palace school at Aachen to educate his officials. This school enabled western Europeans to have a common set of ideas. Once Charlemagne tried to pay the Lombard King for the return of lands to the pope, but he refused so Charlemagne subdued, or subjugated his kingdom and restored the Papal States. H... Free Essays on Charlmagne Free Essays on Charlmagne Pepin the short, Charlemagneà ·Ãƒâ€¢ father, was King of the Franks and annoited by the pope as divine leader. During his rule Pepin deported the Lombards from Rome. He pillaged their right to live in Rome. Then, he gave a large strip of Lombard land in central Italy to the pope. The pope now looked to the Franks as his protector. Then, in 768 Charlemagne became the Frankish king. At that time the Franks were falling back to barbarian ways like not caring about their education or religion. Europe was in chaos. The Saxons of northern Europe were still pagans. In the south the Roman Catholic Church was trying to assert its power against the Lombard Kingdom. Charlemagne was determined to bring Europe back to order by converting everyone to Christianity, making it be ruled by one government, and by educating people. Charlemagne wanted all of Western Europe to become Christian. Charlemagne launched a campaign to conquer and convert the pagan Saxons. It was treacherous to be a Saxon. He did not want there to be any perfidy. His illumination was that if they did not convert they would be put to death. In one day he had 4500 Saxons killed. All the heathens were to become Christian or they would suffer the wrath of Charlemagne. He decreed that a tithe of all the produce of the land should be turned over to the church. He was able to enlarge his kingdom which was called the Frankish Empire. It included Germany, France, Northern Spain, and most of Italy. Now most all of Europe was finally ruled by one government, and Charlemagne was in control. Charlemagne wanted to revise learning because not many western Europeans could read and write. He established a palace school at Aachen to educate his officials. This school enabled western Europeans to have a common set of ideas. Once Charlemagne tried to pay the Lombard King for the return of lands to the pope, but he refused so Charlemagne subdued, or subjugated his kingdom and restored the Papal States. H...

Visa G4 para trabajar en organizaciones internacionales

Visa G4 para trabajar en organizaciones internacionales La visa G-4 permite a una persona extranjera vivir en Estados Unidos para trabajar en una organizacià ³n internacional como la ONU, el FMI o la OEA. En comparacià ³n con otras visas de trabajo, la G-4 ofrece notables ventajas en materia de là ­mite de tiempo, impuestos y familiares que pueden acompaà ±ar a su titular. Tiene cierto parecido con la visa A  para diplomticos pero es diferente. Quià ©nes pueden solicitar la visa G-4 Los extranjeros con contrato de trabajo en una organizacià ³n internacional ubicada en EE.UU. Adems, este mismo tipo de visa se otorga a las personas que conforman el hogar familiar de la persona contratada: su cà ³nyuge, los hijos de cualquier edad, los hijos de la pareja y, en algunos casos muy limitados, los padres e incluso otros familiares cercanos. Validez de la visa G-4 y transfer La visa G-4 es vlida por el tiempo que seà ±ala la misma. Adems, se puede prorrogar sucesivamente sin là ­mite de aà ±os. En los 60 dà ­as anteriores a que la visa expire, se tramita su extensià ³n sin necesidad de salir del paà ­s. Se puede transferir de una organizacià ³n internacional a otra, por ejemplo, de trabajar en Naciones Unidas pasar a ser un empleado del Fondo Monetario Internacional. Para ello debe cancelarse con el Departamento de Estado la registracià ³n con la institucià ³n original y registrarse con la nueva. Permiso de trabajo para familiares de titulares visa G-4 En algunos casos, los familiares que acompaà ±an a EEUU a la persona contratada por la organizacià ³n internacional pueden trabajar. Para ello necesitan obtener previamente un permiso de trabajo, que se conoce por las siglas EAD. Debe solicitarse al USCIS, que sà ³lo los concede en los casos de nacionales de paà ­ses que tienen un tratado de reciprocidad con Estados Unidos. Los permisos de trabajo se aprueban para el cà ³nyuge o pareja, los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, o de 23 si estn estudiando a tiempo completo en la universidad. Si tuviesen una minusvalà ­a fà ­sica o mental no se aplica el là ­mite de edad, siempre y cuando sean solteros. Por otra parte, los hijos de extranjeros con visa G-4 pueden estudiar la educacià ³n primaria y secundaria. Para los recià ©n llegados, estos son las reglas bsicas del sistema educativo de los Estados Unidos. Impuestos de titulares de la visa G-4 Adems, otra de las ventajas de la visa G-4 es que no se tributa en EEUU el impuesto sobre la renta (income tax) por el salario pagado por la organizacià ³n internacional. Tramitacià ³n de la visa G-4 y de su extensià ³n Una vez que se ha encontrado una organizacià ³n internacional que ofrezca un trabajo al que se puede aplicar, debe conseguirse que està © de acuerdo en contratar. Una vez que se tiene la oferta de contrato ya debe iniciarse el proceso ante una oficina consular de los Estados Unidos.. Si la persona contratada se encuentra en Estados Unidos deber tambià ©n tramitar la visa en un consulado y salir del paà ­s para obtenerla, ya que no se puede hacer este trmite dentro del paà ­s salvo en casos limitadà ­simos como el de los estudiantes internacionales con una visa F-1 en prcticas en la organizacià ³n internacional que ahora los contrata con una G-4. En estos supuestos podrà ­a ser posible cambiar la visa a travà ©s del USCIS. Se debe pedir una cita y los documentos a presentar son el DS-160, un pasaporte vlido por al menos medio aà ±o y una carta de la organizacià ³n internacional ofreciendo la contratacià ³n y fotos. Como regla general, no es necesario presentarse a una entrevista y las tasas de la visa no se pagan. Las oficinas consulares pueden pedir informacià ³n y documentacià ³n adicional, dependiendo de cada caso.   Estas visas se caracterizan por ser tramitadas inmediatamente. En cuanto a su validez, si una persona contratada con una visa G-4 se retira o es despedida debe abandonar EEUU en un periodo de 60 dà ­as junto con los familiares inmediatos tambià ©n titulares de ese tipo de visado. Y en estos casos, si se sale de EEUU no se puede volver a entrar, aunque la fecha de vigencia de la visa siga siendo vlida. En cuanto a la renovacià ³n, si el titular de una visa G-4 debe renovar la visa y est presente en EE.UU. puede contactar con la Diplomatic Liaison Division del Departamento de Estado o con la Misià ³n de EE.UU. ante Naciones Unidas, ya que en muchos casos es posible renovar la visa a travà ©s de esas oficinas llenando el formulario online DS-1648. Finalmente, cabe destacar que, en general, los maestros de la escuela internacional de Naciones Unidas no se consideran plantel de dicha organizacià ³n internacional, por lo tanto no pueden beneficiarse de esta visa. Pero puede ocurrir que la ONU solicite expresamente una G-4 a una persona en particular y el consulado correspondiente puede aprobarla pero no es la regla general. Tributacià ³n por parte de ciudadanos que trabajar en organizacià ³n internacional en EE.UU. Por supuesto que los ciudadanos estadounidenses, los residentes permanentes legales y las personas con permiso de trabajo en los EEUU no necesitan una visa G-4 para trabajar en una organizacià ³n internacional. En cuanto al pago de impuestos por el salario recibido por la organizacià ³n internacional, debe tributarse de una forma especial. La visa G-4 como camino a la green card La G-4 puede ser un puente hacia la residencia permanente tanto durante la vida laboral de una persona como tras su jubilacià ³n. En este à ºltimo caso si la persona ha vivido al menos 15 aà ±os en EEUU y, de ellos, tres y medio los ha residido en los siete aà ±os anteriores a retirarse, puede solicitar la green card para sà ­ misma y para su cà ³nyuge en los seis meses siguientes a su à ºltimo dà ­a de trabajo. Otras opciones para trabajar en Estados Unidos Para trabajar legalmente es necesario tener una situacià ³n migratoria que lo permita. Por ejemplo, porque se es ciudadano americano, residente permanente legal, se tiene una visa de trabajo o se est en una situacià ³n que permite solicitar y obtener un permiso de trabajo. Tener en cuenta que trabajar cuando no se est autorizado es una violacià ³n migratoria y, si las autoridades se enteran o lo sospechan dar lugar a que se cancele la visa. Frecuentemente, la persona se entera de que su visa es revocada cuando intenta regresar a Estados Unidos despuà ©s de un viaje a otro paà ­s y se encuentra con la desagradable sorpresa de que no la dejan entrar a paà ­s y la envà ­an de regreso a su lugar de procedencia.   Puntos Clave: Visa G-4  ¿Para quià ©n es?: extranjeros con contrato de trabajo en una organizacià ³n internacional ubicada en EE.UU.El titular de la visa G-4  ¿puede obtener visa para familiares?: sà ­, en general para el cà ³nyuge, compaà ±ero domà ©stico e hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. En algunas circunstancias, ese cà ­rculo de familiares puede ampliarse. Pueden trabajar en EE.UU. y estudiar.El titular de la visa G-4,  ¿paga impuestos en EE.UU.?: No. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal .

Three Things I Can`t Live without Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Three Things I Can`t Live without - Essay Example Although they do not cost much, they are the invaluable resources in my life that fuel my passion to go on and help me to live my life so that I can bless others the way loved ones have blessed me. Walking out through the front door of my house every morning, I notice there’s one thing that I never have to check my pockets for to make sure I did not leave it behind – the love of my closest family and friends. No matter where I go, it is with me and can never be taken away. The indispensable love of my mother, Rebecca, is foremost in my heart. She has taught me how to love, how to endure, and how to selflessly care for others. Having born me when she was 15 and raising me without a husband, my mom never had it easy. She could have given up many times and let the gravity of her situation make her bitter and resentful, but she made the choice to love and persevere through the hard times. I often marveled at how she kept things together and loved me unconditionally despite all the heartache and trauma I dragged her through at times. The love of my grandparents is another treasure in my heart that strengthens me each day. My grandfather was a great man and like a dad t o me, as I hardly even know my real father. And it was my grandmother who taught me how to be strong. She was very firm and laid down the strict rules, as opposed to my grandfather, who was really a pushover. If I was not home by the time the streetlights turned on, I knew my grandmother was going to give me a very hard time. Also, a few of my friends who stuck with me through thick and thin showed me that love is not about what you can get out of someone but about what you can give. This tough but unconditional love that friends and family showed me through the years is by far my most cherished asset – one which I could never do without. The second thing I could never live without is my dignity.  

Cinema & City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cinema & City - Essay Example Thus the first cinematic clip was that of a city. Cinematic images of cities shed light on the past and future of urban spaces the crises and sensations of the inhabitants of the city are projected through cinema's endless capacity to contrast the urban and corporal (Barber, 2002) Wim Wenders' 'Der Himmel 'ber Berlin /Wings of Desire' (1987) and Tom Tykwer's 'Lola rennt/Run Lola Run' (1998) are two films which showcase the city of Berlin. The former portrays the divided Berlin of the cold-war era and the latter the modern city after the reunification of Germany and its capital. The city of Berlin possesses a unique history which has always been entwined with European history. At the start of the twentieth century Berlin desired to replace Paris and London as the leading European metropolis and become the cultural capital of Europe. After Hitler's coming to power, it became the place where the destiny of millions of people was decided. This era of Berlin's history is its most shameful and old Berliner's have tried to erase this period from their city and memory both. After the Second World War the devastated city was separated into East and West Berlin and thus became a unique place where communism and capitalism were confronting each other. The icon of the division, the Berlin Wall, was erected in 1961, and was dismantled in 1989, which smoothed the way for reuniting Germany in 1990. In 1991 Berlin was named the capital of the new unified state of Germany. Nowadays Berlin has changed drastically and claims to be the city of the future and is known all over the world for its ambitious architectural projects and bold decisions in urban planning. It has re-invented itself a dozen times and continues to do. The new city of Berlin is a symbol of defeat of both communism and its Nazi past and hope and development for the future. Berlin and cinema Berlin is also famous as a city from the point of view of its various world famous portrayals in text and film, starting with 'Berlin: Symphony of a Great City'(1927) by Walter Ruttmann and 'Alexanderplatz' by Alfred D'blin (1929) to the modern 'Wings of Desire' (1987) by Wim Wenders' and 'Run Lola Run' (1998) by Tom Tykwer's. Since the 1960's artists have arranged artworks and shows in the public areas of the city which criticized the cold war order and institutions, and later on the frantic attempt by the German regime to erase the past after fall of the Berlin Wall. Portraying Berlin means looking at a city that has undergone remarkable changes over the last century in which an emperor was banished and a new republic was created then failed, being followed by a Nazi dictatorship ending up in Germany's division which has now been overcome, but, naturally left its scars. Additionally, capitals and their self-perception are of enormous importance to a nation's identity, which is especially true for Berlin, a city owning the status of a 'full-blown metropolis, unlike any other German city' (Clarke, 2006:151) Since 1945 the film industry has put singular emphasis on screening a city's development, in chronological as well as in visual terms. Inversely a city itself can project a definite cinematic class which can be experienced in daily life. James Donald, in his sociology of the city imaginary, says that cinema has educated 'audiences across

The Beatles and drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Beatles and drugs - Essay Example This change however was not only affecting Britain but the rest of foreign countries in their music and exposing them to new ways of life. It is then argumentative and controversial as to whether the Beatles made positive or negative changes to the lives of Britons in the period. It is in this essay, therefore, that we shall figure out this by focusing on various influences the Beatles had on music and life of the people of Britain. The Beatles are known to have had a great influence in the 1960s, to the British society through a unique music they composed and sang. The existing and growth of rock and roll, for instance, is highly attributed to them as they are the very first band that came up with a musical style. Rock and roll style became quite useful during the years of war, 1939- 1945. Through the Beatles, it called for people to exercise patriotism and reunite with soldiers to make the existing situation better (Gammond & Peter, 1993). One of the singers of these times of war was Vera Lynn, with her songs like: The White Cliffs of Dover and Well Meet Again bringing her to fame in Britain, during the period. The pre-rock and roll era in Britain is, therefore, said to have existed in the 1940s and 50s. Frankie Vaughan and Dickie Valentine were the solo singers who dominated the music industry, with the musical tunes they had borrowed from the Beatles. A big difference is clear between the music of the pre-B eatle era and that of the Beatles onwards. The Pre- Beatle era, for instance, was less modernized and quite unproductive time for music in Britain. Times however became better in the following years where the Beatle band began and consequent ones, as music then began moving to the desired direction. Following the rock and roll era was the rhythm and blues music; which was determined to take over the Beatles, who had already taken the music industry by storm. It was through

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government Essay Example for Free

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government Essay Every nation, ever since the dawn of civilization, has always had some form of government. It is of necessity rather than need, as a nation without one will always result to anarchy. Today, two of the most popular and well-known forms of government are the presidential form of government and the parliamentary form of government. Each form of government has its own pros and cons, and the debate of whether one is better than the other has long been a subject of discussion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main difference between the two forms of government is how the extent governmental powers are distributed and/or separated between branches of the government, and whether one branch has or does not have power over another. In the presidential form of government, political and administrative powers are distinctly divided between the executive branch (the President), the legislative branch (i.e., the congress/senate), and the judiciary branch. The powers vested in the executive branch is usually balanced against those given to the legislature. Laws and bills are made by the legislature and it is the executive branch which enacts it. The President has the power to veto the bill, preventing its execution, but the legislature may override the Presidents veto, provided they can gather enough votes to do so (â€Å"Parliamentary versus Presidential governments†). This serves as a check and balance for both branches, ensuring that one does not overpower the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the parliamentary form of government, however, there is a fusion of power between the legislative and executive branch. This is mostly due to the fact that the head of government, the Prime Minister, is voted into position by the legislature, which is often mostly composed of the ruling party or coalition. Hence, almost always, the constituents of the executive and the legislature branches are the same (â€Å"Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The terms of office for both heads of the government also varies. In the presidential system of government, the President serves a specific, defined term. In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister stays in power for as long as he or she has the support of the majority of the legislation. Political parties also hold less of an impact on the presidential system than on then parliamentary system since the President can still be voted in office regardless of whether his or her political party is a minority or not. In parliamentary system, its almost always the ruling party which holds dominance over the outcome of the election of head of government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the choice, from the points stated, I would rather be a citizen of a country ruled by a parliamentary government, like the United Kingdom. There is more cohesion and unity given the fact that the legislative and the executive powers come from one ruling, common party. This would mean that bills are passed much quicker. Also, ethnicity, race, and ideology wont be much of a conflicting factor, especially for a very diverse country, since power is equally divided amongst the legislators, and not just focused on one (e.g. the President). Lastly, a study conducted by the World Bank has found out that a parliamentary system is associated with lower corruption (Lederman, Loayza, Soares, par. 1). Works Cited â€Å"Governing Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations.† UNDP: Governance: Political   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   systems and their impact on Governing Relations. 2006. 18 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.undp.org/governance/docs/Parl-Pub-govern.htm Lederman, Daniel and Normal Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares. â€Å"Accountability and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corruption: Political Institutions Matter.† World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2708. 2001. 18 December 2007. http://ssrn.com/abstract=632777 â€Å"Parliamentary Versus Presidential Governments.† eSSORTMENT. 2002. 18 December 2007.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://mi.essortment.com/presidentialpar_rket.htm

Observation of Child with ADHD

Observation of Child with ADHD Childs Particulars: Full Name of Child: Eileen Tay Yi Ling (Pseudonym) Chronological Are: 6 Years, 1 Month (From Date of Collection of Background Information) Gender: Female Race: Chinese Current Grade (Standard) in School: Kindergarten 2 Background Information: Eileen (pseudonym) lives with her family, consisting of her father and mother, her 23 year-old step-brother and a live-in domestic helper. According to the domestic helper, she appears to be closer to both parents than her brother; with she (Eileen) agreeing that she speaks to the parents more than she speaks to her brother. The family of 5 (including the stay-in domestic helper) stays in 3-bedroom condominium at South-Eastern Singapore. She first started going to an early education facility at the age of 3, and is currently enrolled in 3 early education centres (Kumon, The Learning Lab, and EtonHouse), for enrichment classes and kindergarten. Based on the information given by her mother, Eileen enjoys going for classes and is on good terms with her teachers. She also expresses interest in Mathematics, though she (Eileen) has the impression that she is weaker in that very subject itself. Annexe A, which is done approximately 2 weeks before, which shows her mathematics worksheet being done with a perfect score, a point which is consistent with the other worksheets shown during the data collection session. In the areas of language and literacy, Eileen uses mainly English when communicating with her parents, peers and relatives, although she is also generally proficient in her Mother Tongue (Mandarin), which is seen when in the worksheet that she completed (Annexe B) and what was seen when she is reading her storybooks. Eileen also attempts to speak like her parents when engaging in conversation. Eileen is seen to have her strengths in language and literacy, as she is conversant in simple English and is able to provide simple fact-based answers about herself, like where she study, and her family information. Based on the developmental milestones by Chant (2013), Eileen has met the language and literacy developmental milestones of a 5-6 year old. Eileens socio-emotional development appear to be meeting the developmental milestones of her age group, as her parents claim that she is sociable, and that although sometimes got conflict before, but after a while, they are back as friends again (sic). In Kumon, she is closer to 3 of her friends whom she has been in the same class for over 18 months (1.5 academic years). Annexe D shows the art that one of her friends did for Eileens 5th birthday a year ago. Also, Eileen has her own bedroom, and is able to make her own bed in the morning, after waking up, thereby meeting the socio-emotional milestone of being more independent and in charge of his/her behaviour (Child and Youth Health, 2010). Eileens mother also shared that she (Eileen) can accurately give the birthdates of some of her relatives that she is more familiar with, if given their names, although if she is given the birthdates, she may not be able to state whose birthday that is. Her inability to do so is in line with the childs level of cognitive development, as Parke and Gauvain (2009) stated that the inability to reverse a series of mental steps is evident in many other responses of the child between 2 and 6 years old. She also has an attention span of approximately 10-15 minutes, although her attention span may be extended if she is engaged in something of her interest, and if Eileen was engaged in playing with toys of her particular interest, she would get very hooked onto it and that her parents experienced difficulty in getting her to change focus to another activity or task. This is not part of the developmental norms that Schmitt (2012) mentioned, whereby a typically developing childs attention span sh ould be 3-5 minutes of the childs age, which means that for Eileen, she should be able to have an attention span of approximately 18-30 minutes. Data Gathering Plan: Technique One: Conducting an interview-based checklist adapted from Hill Checklist for Attention Deficit and Related Disorders Description of Technique One: The original Hill Checklist for Attention Deficit and Related Disorders is meant for teachers to help Neurotherapy in evaluating the child in question on if he/she has Attention Deficit or other related disorders. The first section focuses more on Attention Deficit, and utilises a Likert Scale of 0-5, and requires the educator to rank the childs behaviours based on the characteristic being not present (0) to very severe (5). Only the first section of the checklist will be used, and it will be implemented through interviewing Eileens mother. In addition, she will be asked to elaborate more on each of the items, by explaining and providing examples and descriptions of what Eileen does. I will be noting down the response of Eileens mother, and a voice-recording will be done for later reference. Rationale of Technique One: Based on the background information collected, Eileen is seen to be performing well in most areas of development. However, her attention span of 10 to 15 minutes, according to the background information given by her mother, is lower that the age-appropriate developmental norm of Schmitts (2012) age-to-attention span ratio of 3-5 times the childs age. Also, as Eileens mother also mentioned that Eileen tended to be very hooked when doing an activity of her interest. This appearance of the lack of focus, while parents having trouble getting the child to divert his/her attention from what interests them (Smith and Segal, 2012) raises a possible risk of the child having Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). By interviewing Eileens mother, and understanding more about Eileens behaviour, it will give a better insight into if she is in fact at risk of ADD. Technique Two: Conducting an Observation as a supplement to the interview-based checklist (Technique One) Description of Technique Two: At least 2 observation records will be conducted, one running record, and another running record. These observation records will be done on two separate occasions, with a minimum of 3 days in-between each observation session. The observation records will focus on Eileens attention span when she is doing her work, or at play. Environmental factors like the presence of noise and side activities, like people walking pass or the programmes airing on television, will be noted down. Rationale of Technique Two: As Technique One only provides further information given by Eileens parents, the full picture of Eileens apparent lack of attention span may not be clear. Therefore, by observing Eileen, and her environment, while she is on her daily routines like having a meal, doing her work or watching television programmes, will provide a second picture of the possible causes of the short attention span that she has, since observing a child is useful in isolating the root of the problem, inclusive of the environment surrounding the child (LD Online, 2000). An analysis of the observations done will also conducted to have a better insight into the rationale of her actions. This, together with Technique One, a clearer picture of where Eileens development in terms of attention will be seen, as well as if she is possibly at-risk of having ADD. References: Child and Your Health. (2010). Child development: 5-6 year old children. Retrieved from http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/child_development_5-6_years_cyh.html/context/511 Chant, R. (2013). Developmental milestones of 5-6 year olds. Retrieved from http://starskills.net/blog/developmental-milestones/developmental-milestones-of-5-6-year-olds/ Hill, Robert W. (n.d.) Hill checklist for attention deficit and related disorders. Retrieved from http://www.neurotherapydfw.com/pdf/ChildForm-Teacher26-23-08.pdf LD Online. (2000). Early Intervention Observation of an individual child. Retrieved from http://www.ldonline.org/article/6048/ Parke, R. D. and Gauvain, M. (2009). Child psychology: A contemporary viewpoint. New York: McGraw-Hill Schmitt, B. D. (2010). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): How to help your child. Retrieved from http://www.cpnonline.org/CRS/CRS/pa_battentn_hhg.htm Smith, M. and Segal, R. (2010) ADD/ADHD in children. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/adhd_add_signs_symptoms.htm Annexes: Annexe A: Mathematics Annexe B: Language (Mandarin) Annexe C: Socio-emotional