IFRS and GAAP Accounting Principles Essay

IFRS is also referred to as International Financial Reporting Standards. They are set of standards of accounting developed by International Accounting Standards Board (IASA). They are becoming the standards in the globe to be used for preparation of financial statements for the public companies. IASB is independent body which sets accounting standards which is based in London (McLaughlin, 2009). This body consists of fifteen members who are from nine countries including United States. IASB started operating in 2001 since it succeeded International Accounting Standards Committee. With desperate laws, cultures, tax regulation and commerce, individual nations, overtime have come so as to develop accounting systems of their own. In United States, Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), formed in year 1973, was third group which developed the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in U. S, since the formal setting of standards which started in 1939. FASB is the first group in US which employed independently funded full-time professionals to be independent in accounting profession. Sanctioned officially in 1973 December, by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which was federal regulator, FASB up to now continues setting accounting standards for U. S (Subramani, 2009). IASC was formed shortly after FASB had been formed in the same year so as to develop accounting standards which will be internationally accepted. During the early 1970s, economy of the globe was at that time marked by expansion of the cross-border activities. This time seemed to be right in considering whether there was a need to set universal accounting standards to address world which was shrinking (McLaughlin, 2009). IASC in their effort of promoting acceptance of one set standards of accounting globally, tried to write certain inclusive standards. Committee members often had difficult in achieving a common consensus on proper accounting treatment to transactions which were similar or the same (AICPA, 2010). They identified preferred treatments, but accounting which was different with also different results was as well allowed. They considered this as necessary so as to promote the acceptance of complete set for the world accounting standards. If specific standard was much different from that which was accepted generally in an individual country, that nation may not accept all the set standards. It was better in allowing some alternatives in order to bring many nations into the mix. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) replaced IASC after it had issued 41accounting standards to be used internationally in 2001. Since formation of IASB, it has issued around eight IFRS and also they have modified several international accounting standards (IASs). In 2000, European Commission provided the international standards large boost as it announced initiative which required every listed company in the European union to be using IFRS starting the year 2005. Before mandatory introduction for all companies to use IFRS, all countries in European Community regulated separately their standards of reporting (McLaughlin, 2009). The measure of using IFRS did not affect the non-listed companies in Europe. European ministers’ council approved IFRS in 2002. At the start of 2005; approximate of 7000 companies effected the change. Around 6500 of these companies had been prior reporting GAAP in their own country, with almost 3000 of them in UK alone (Ernst & Young, 2009). EU however, never endorsed three paragraphs in IAS 39, and these were standards which deal with measurements and recognition of the financial instruments. Volatility potential of the earnings which was related to such paragraphs’ accounting macro hedge as well as option of fair value made the standard setters to go back in the drawing board several times, but there was no appearance of silver bullets. Up to now, EU has not fully endorsed set of the IFRS which was promulgated by IASB (Jermakowicz, & Epstein, 2008). Failure of EU to fully endorse these set of international standards is significant issues to several reasons, not the few which is requirement in the IAS1, financial statement presentation that is explicitly stated by a company that their financial statements are complying with the IFRS (McLaughlin, 2009). Companies are further not allowed to state their financial statements as complying with IFRS if it does not fully comply with whole body of the IFRS. The accounting standards so as to gain world wide acceptance, there is a need for them to be universally applied. It is necessary to have comparability. Financial statement set prepared using GAAP of country A is not comparable suddenly to another which is prepared using GAAP of country B since both of them on the top states IFRS (AICPA, 2010). United States key regulator priority is the consistent application of these standards. If to be accordance with the IFRS means the similar and same transactions have to be accounted in same way in every nation, then preparing financial statements according to IFRS will have to add value. Investors will no longer waste their effort and time in reconciling financial information when comparing to companies which are similar but in different countries (Subramani, 2009). Capital will then flow efficiently and at a low cost to companies in many places. Another major boost for acceptance of the IFRS was seen in 2002as the Norwalk Agreement was being signed and was reaffirmed in the Memorandum of Understanding in 2006. IASB in the London together with FASB in the Norwalk agreed to remove the differences in their standard sets and converge it on high-quality standards (Ernst & Young, 2009). The emphasis was on high-quality and this meant that if the FASB standards or IASB standard was deemed to be better, then the convergence was would be on the superior one. If neither of them had sufficient standards which would qualify to be used internationally, then the two boards would jointly work together to produce new standards. Work is on progress in developing a conceptual single framework which will guide in setting future standards. Convergence between U. S GAAP and IFRS do not mean accounting standards should become identical. It means that in the cases where the transactions are similar or the same, then the accounting should be just the same, or if not so, the disclosures should be transparent to enable reader understand about the differences (Subramani, 2009). Also the standard setters are putting more effort to reduce the difference which is in the two systems. Three significant differences between IFRS and GAAP. The difference between the two set of standards include the following: in the US GAAP in the income statement, extraordinary items is restricted to some items which are both infrequent and unusual (McLaughlin, 2009). Negative goodwill usually is treated as an extraordinary item. In the IFRS, income statement usually prohibits extraordinary items. In the US GAAP the significant items in the income statement are presented separately at the face of income statement just as component of operation going on, where as in the IFRS significant items in the income statement separate the disclosure of nature and also the amount required, but it can be included in income statement or notes (Ernst & Young, 2009). Changes in the equity in U. S PAAF are present in all the changes in every caption of the stockholders’ equity either in separate statement or foot note. Equity changes in IRFS at least, presents components which are related to expense and income recognized as section of separate statement (AICPA, 2010). Other equity changes are disclosed either in notes or presented as a part of one, combined statement in all equity changes. Three similarities between IFRS and GAAP. In both accounting standards, exchange losses and gains on the settled items and also on the monetary items which are unsettled should be taken to loss or profit for that period. When loss or gain on non-monetary items is directly recognized in equity, then that loss or gain is further taken to the equity (Ernst & Young, 2009). On the other hand if losses or gains on non-monetary item are taken in loss or profit, then related component of exchange would further be included in loss or profit. Functional currency should be currency of primary economy in environment the business is operating. The other currencies should be treated or termed as foreign currencies. Presentation of currencies should be currencies used in presenting financial statement and is usually matter of one’s choice (AICPA, 2010). Financial statements should be prepared by the functional currency of the entity but may be presented by any other form of currency. Individual transactions should be translated at rate on date of transaction, or at any average rate for period if the rates do not significantly fluctuate. Identify three potential risks of IFRS and GAAP convergence. There are several risks which may affect companies as a result of the convergence. They include that; the convergence may risk tax rate and thus making it not to be effective to some companies, it may also risk the long term financial agreements and contracts, and it may also risk timing of the revenue recognition (Ernst & Young, 2009).

Internet Makes Life Better Essay

Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, our life becomes more convenient than any time in the past. With the click of the mouse, you can find everything on the Internet including shopping, communication, entertainment, study, and so on. Do you know how many percent of people on the Earth have access into the Internet? – 21% In the United States, 74% of American adults use the Internet. 94% of students in the US are using the Internet. 60% of American adults use broadband connections at home.55% of American adults connect to the internet wirelessly, either through a WiFi or WiMax connection via their laptops or through a handheld device like a smart phone. Because of the Internet, we can do shopping without going to the store which is located far away. Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. It is a form of electronic commerce. We can talk with a people who are away 10,000 miles with high quality of voice and images. Brought us closer to people those are in another part of the world: video calls with Skype, Online support calls so I don’t have to drive 2 hours to a client site. Telephone: Voice over IP or VOIP Besides, we can find tons of information by one click on Google.com, Yahoo.com, and so on. Other conveniences of the Internet: Online banking. Driving Directions .We can work or study from anywhere in the world. In conclusion, I believe the Internet makes life better. I cannot live one day happily without Internet.

Is it accurate to describe the Global Justice Movement as a 'global Essay

Is it accurate to describe the Global Justice Movement as a 'global movement' - Essay Example For instance, the global character of these emergent social movements reflects the contemporary movement of ideas, information, products, and people. The movement of people outside national borders are viewed as outbursts of aspirations, and by itself, they are considered integral to sociological analysis (Goodwin & Jasper 2009). The French sociologist Bourdieu (2001 cited in Ruggiero 2002) asserts that governments should meddle with the rules running the economy. At the same time, he emphasises the appearance of new kinds of political movement, and new forms of organisations driven by self-supervision, and â€Å"characterised by a structural lightness allowing agents to reappropriate their role as active subjects† (Ruggiero 2002: p. 48). These present-day social movements are described to develop precise goals, to take on kinds of activity of high representative character, to be global, and to demand highly dedicated personal involvement from members, and to form themselves a s freely organised systems (Della Porta & Diani 2006). The Global Justice Movement exhibits almost all of these features. This paper tries to determine whether it is accurate to describe the Global Justice Movement as a ‘global movement’. The Contemporary Global Movement The initial years of the 21st century were a period of hope and enthusiasm for many people across the globe. A new form of social movement was developing. Driven by the dialogical and varied networks of protest envisioned by the Zapatistas, an array of popular movements and militant-directed non-governmental groups, maybe mostly but absolutely not totally from the global North, were banding together to form a mobilization of movements opposed to neoliberal globalisation (Eschle & Maiguashca 2005). Some of them are enemies of the World Trade Organisation, World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund; supporters of global finance capital taxation; critics of the strengthened control of multinational en tities; proponents of debt assistance for Third World countries; and detractors of capitalism motivated by different expressions of socialist and revolutionary principles. Nevertheless, the 9/11 attack and their consequences have raised difficult challenges to the GJM. The social significances connected to the terrorist attack in the U.S., the legitimisation of militaristic nationalism forces and the accompanied transformations in the political arena of global governance have merged to change the political setting where in the movement works (Amoore 2005). In this environment of terror and nearly unanimously exercises of U.S. power, mechanisms of political, social, and economic de-territorialisation which had reinforced the development of global movements may be more and more re-expressed in nationalistic ways (Mayo 2005). Whether the Global Justice Movement is capable of calming the neo-imperial rage, holding back the powerful drag of nationalisms, and thus preserving its thrust to wards a more unified, peaceful, and just global order remains unresolved. There are major similarities between the current global anti-war movement and GJM. These similarities attest to the fact the GJM is indeed a ‘global movement’. Primarily, a great deal of the anti-war movement has taken on GJM’s very effective network framework of global grassroots political movement feature. Second, organisations and leaders integral to the GJM have turned out to be strongly involved in the anti-war move

Six Months plan for Turkish and Armenian Students Essay

Six Months plan for Turkish and Armenian Students - Essay Example The evaluation time for the steps that I will introduce to the university will be six months (Saxena, 2009). Step One: I will advise the two student organizations to concentrate on their activities and not to meddle in each othersactivity as their two different organizations representing students with different interest and coming from different background. I will ensure that the two organizations exist in cohesion and that the different speakers appointed by each organization respect the identity, religion and culture of the organizations present within the University (Lederach, 1999). Step Two: I will advise the two student organizations within the university to know their purpose within the institution and that they share a common interest which is education and not ethnicity or religion. I will make them to understand that no organization is superior to the other and that the resources available within the institution are meant for their use, therefore they should strive to avoid rivalry due to the use of resources or space within the university(Lederach, 1999). Step Three: I will advise the two student organizations to have positive thoughts about each other and ignore their religious interest since the Turks are Muslims and Armenians are Christians. They put human rights values into action and treat each other like a brother for cohesion and peace to exist within the university. ... I will recommend and interfaith dialogue to be used by the Turkish and Armenian student organization within the university. Step One: I will involve both the student organization in an interfaith dialogue to help them realize that in both religions, God is the source of peace and justice. This will bring them to an understanding that they should exercise the concept of peace as both their religion advocates for the existence of peace and they will be able to coexist peacefully with one another while conducting their different activities for the students they represent. Step Two: Interfaith dialogue will be inspiring to the students’ organizations as they will realize that their teachings and traditions are a source of inspiration to all. By communicating, they will learn that it is of great significance to work together for the purpose of peace and justice as times have changed and their living in world that upholds peace with esteem. Step Three: the interfaith will enlighten the two students’ organization to know that it is only God who forgives and both Muslims and Christians were called by God to offer forgiveness. The students’ organizations will immensely benefit by learning the importance of forgiveness as they will forgive each other for their past differences and effect justice in throughout their studies and stay within the university (Smock, 2002). Step Four: The two students’ organization will learn through interfaith dialogue that despite disagreeing on certain points in the doctrines, they should only offer their critics to one another when they feel that either of the organizations has violated the integrity of God. This will work towards helping them to respect

Corporate Governance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Governance - Assignment Example suring proper corporate governance ensure that they operate in accordance with the existing business ethics and that they remain socially responsible (Goodman & Schwartz 2013, p. 67). The board of governors is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that all the systems of corporate governance are functional, and that all shareholders and the stakeholders are well protected. In addition, successful corporate governance is exhibited by the commitment of the board of governors in carrying out transparent transactions and ensuring that the company registers value and minimal risks. This high level of commitment ensures that the no stakeholder interest is compromised. Corporate governance is a concept that emerged in the early years when ownership and management of companies became separate entities. However, the concept was fully described in the 1990s because of numerous scandals that surrounded many companies. In the modern day, it is a critical concept in the business world (Bouba ker, Nguyen, & Nguyen 2012, p. 38). A close analysis of one of the global leading companies and its corporate governance strategies will serve to shed more light on the criticality of this concept. BP Plc is a multinational oil and gas company whose headquarters are in London United Kingdom. The company has been ranked in the top ten oil and gas companies and qualifies to be under the category of â€Å"super majors† in the industry. The company has existed for over a century since it was established in 1909. Over the years, the company has registered remarkable success extending its operations to about 80 countries according to the 2013 statistics (New Report Provides an In-depth Company Profile for Multinational Oil Company BP Plc 2007, n.p). BP Plc is one of the companies that can provide highlights on different aspects of the corporate governance. BP plc is an established company with evident business strategies, and diverse range of stakeholders that need its protection. Moreover,

Text analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Text analysis - Article Example Even though the writer knows that balancing the job requirements and family attention can be challenging, she instinctively insists upon going on with the dream of making a positive impact on the society as a whole. She even vows to be role model to her daughter and that explains how dedicated and passionate she is towards dream of making positive impact on people’s life. Although the writer is the central character in the story and we can learn more about her, the introduction of Lana (the patient) seems to gives much in depth information about the whole scenario (Ehrenhaft and George, 56). The writer gives a brief description about herself and that is critical in giving insight into her inspirations to become a nurse. The writer seems to be motivated more by the events that happen in her life. She quotes â€Å"That statement solidified my purpose of positively contributing to society, positively influencing people’s life, and being the best nurse I can be. I know that I need to take my career to the next level†.This essay is so appealing to the audience. The setting is such that it is easy to understand the main theme of the essay (Ehrenhaft and George, 78). From the essay, a person can be easily convinced that social responsibility is something that needs to be implemented for the wellbeing of the society. The transition from one point of argument to the other in the essay is splendid. The writer offers her argument in a more open and detailed manner. She first, describes herself then she talks about the family and finally she talks about her job and he r relationship with the patients. She also talks about how that relationship has helped her make a positive impact in somebody’s life. The most interesting part of the essay is the fact that the writer acknowledges that you can make an impact on somebody’s life despite your economic,

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Music - Essay Example There were actually 18 songs from his setlist and three encore songs to the delight of the frantic audience who seem not to get enough. Starting his concert with the crowd’s favorite, Devil Without a Cause, the audience has long started to dance and prance and literally get crazy. His songs were a mix of rap and rock with a lot of metal and shrill screams in between. Most of the songs have regular pattern on the upbeat. The audience could actually appreciate them more were it not for the consistent barrage of loud noises, not only from the amplifiers and sounds on stage; but more so from the audiences’ screaming, shouting, jumping and dancing. By the time that Kid Rock sung his last encore song, Born Free, the audiences were all high from adrenaline just having been part of the spectacularly live, highly energetic and electrifying concert. Honestly, one is not a solid rock fan; therefore, attending the concert was more of a way to experience something new. One realized that other songs have good melodies and rhythm (Midnight Train to Memphis, Born Free, All Summer Long) with still the backdrop for shrill voice, liberating message, carefree spirit and the embodiment of democratic ideals. The only setback to the concert was the noise, especially of the screaming, shouting fans and audience, who were frantic and hyper most of the time. Seen to be a mix of hardcore rock fanatics, to the young generation, the crowd was virtually ecstatic constantly singing along, dancing with their hands up, as if in apparent awe and magnetized to Kid Rock’s singing. The playing of the instruments was really loud which was preferred by the general audience. As a spectator, one could only marvel at the pace by which the fans patronized this group and actually adored his every song and performance. Attending the concert has been a different but moving experience. Although one was not an avid rock fan, the impact that Kid

Is the work performance of registered nurses who are actively engaged Research Proposal

Is the work performance of registered nurses who are actively engaged in the leading and managing of their techs (certified nurses assistant) better than those nurses who are partially involved - Research Proposal Example ing and leading other nurses in their role of taking care of patients, and other activities of importance that the institution might be engaged in; and controlling all activities of the nurses including evaluation of their performance in the nursing work as well as performance in departmental subunits. Staffing, as one of the roles of the nursing managers, includes the acquisition of staff on full time and/or part time nursing assistants who act as the ‘eyes and ears of the registered nurses/ nurse managers’. The health institutions can decide to take on board a nurse manager to take on the role of taking charge of the full time nursing assistants and have another taking charge of the part time nursing assistants. At the same time, a nurse manager might be in charge of both the full time and the part time nursing assistants. In both cases, dealing with either category of the nursing assistants has its own challenges which must be tackled differently. This business resear ch report will undertake to explain the differences in the management and performance skills for nurse managers dealing with the full time nursing assistants and those dealing with the part time nursing assistants. The areas that will be addressed by this business report include areas where nursing management is needed; the skills needed for the profession; the differences in management that results from nursing managers taking on either part time or fulltime assistant nurses; the differences in skills required in dealing with either part time or fulltime nursing assistants; and the nature of work performed by the nursing managers. The results yielded by the study conducted included; the existence of differences in management roles as well as skills in managing fulltime and part time nursing assistants; the vast health related field in which the nursing management career has importance and is utilized; and the critical worked performed by the nurse managers which resonates around ad ministration

PSC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PSC - Coursework Example SharePoint Foundation can be used to create a number of websites. The web pages on these sites may be enabled with collaboration via webpages, other documents and of course, data etc. This component of the Ms Sharepoint Package is the server in the setup of SharePoint just in accordance with its name. It takes Sharepoint Foundation as its baseline upon which it grounds itself. It is characterized with the property to organize site administration, compiling of lists and libraries and customization of the website concerned. Since SharePoint Server banks on SharePoint Foundation for all its basics it naturally incorporates all it properties along with its own. Significantly its own properties include The Content Management of an Enterprise, Knowledge Management and Business Intelligence, enterprise search, and personal profiles through My Sites. The very latest and the foremost with respect to the most current technological needs of the say, SharePoint Online  is a cloud based solution provided by the Computing giant Microsoft. It is suitable for businesses of all sizes. Instead of having the need of incorporating the entire massive structure of MS SharePoint within its premises any business can now log onto the cloud server of the application package. The only requirement is that subscription needs to be done and the employees of the organization/ business setup can be provided with an enterprise grade solution for creating sites. These sites would enable sharing of documents and information with partners, customers and colleagues.   Ã‚   â€Å"SharePoint Workspace is a desktop program that you can use to take SharePoint site content offline and collaborate on the content with others while you are disconnected from the network. While you and other team members are offline, you can make changes to SharePoint content that will eventually synchronize back to the SharePoint site.† (Microsoft, 2011) With the onset of

What is national healthcare, and how does Obamacare differ from that Essay

What is national healthcare, and how does Obamacare differ from that definition - Essay Example On the other hand, Obamacare is the unofficial name given to a United States federal statute called The  Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act  (PPACA or Affordable Care Act (ACA) that was enacted at the encouragement of Obama administration and consequently signed into law on March 23, 20102. Obamacare healthcare reform particularly seeks to enhance the quality, affordability and availability of both public and private insurance through its provisions some of which include subsidies, new regulations, taxes and mandates among others. The differences between the National healthcare and Obamacare are mostly related to their funding/ financing system. For example, the national healthcare is based on single payer healthcare system while Obamacare offers a universal healthcare system. A single payer healthcare system refers to healthcare program in which everyone pays into a single fund controlled by an agency and the fund is then used to pay all the medical services, though delivery of the care may be private. The National healthcare would expand the Medicare program to ensure all US citizens are provided with tax funded healthcare. At the same time the act prohibits any institution from taking part in the healthcare system unless it is nonprofit or public institution and instead seeks to expand the existing Medicare program thereby ending the need for private health insurance or premiums. Finally, under this system, the private insurers would be prohibited from selling any health care insurance coverage that duplicates the benefits offered by the National Healthcare Act. Although there are currently many healthcare organizations in the United States, a single payer system would only bill one entity for their services and this may save on the administrative costs and time wastage. However, opponents of the national care have argued that it is an expensive medical insurance cover compared to

A career in Education Essay Example for Free

A career in Education Essay Being a teacher is a career that I have always desired to follow ever since I was a young girl. It was at the end of my elementary years when I first decided I wanted to become a teacher; I thought it was a cool job to have. When I was younger I use to think how cool it would be to be in control of the whole class, it was like being the boss. When I reached high school I decided that I wanted to become an elementary teacher. I started to realize how interested I was in learning about children and how much I loved being around them. This is when I knew that pursuing a career in teaching is what would make me the happiest. People have their own opinions on how they portray teachers. Some may see them as mean and controlling, while others might see them as guidance in their educational life. I feel teachers make a difference in the life and future of their students. Teachers are educators as well as advisors. They help and give guidance to students in their educational choices, and day to day life. TV sitcoms are what I feel have influenced these stereotypes upon teachers. On some TV sitcoms teachers are portrayed as older women that are mean and always out to sabotage the students life. Other sitcoms portray the teachers as young women that are sweet and caring. This is why some may stereotype teachers as annoying and always trying to tell you how to live your life, or as a kind and helpful teacher. See more:  Manifest Destiny essay When one becomes a teacher there are some good things and not so good things, just as any other job. The pros about becoming a teacher are that one is able to influence children to become the best that they can be and knowing that one made a difference in someones life. Another pro is having an opportunity to help children learn and get acquainted with new thoughts. Some other good qualities are that teachers have steady daytime hours with the weekend off. They have excellent vacation days and often quite longer than any other occupations. With having most of the summer off, it gives the teacher more time to spend with their family or do anything else that needs to get done. The cons would be when you have a problem child in your class. Teachers have to have patience and learn how to work with struggling students. Teaching can sometimes be a bit stressful at times because you have to work and help with everyones problems. Also, a teachers salary is  not very lucrative. The requirements for becoming a teacher are that you must have a bachelors degree from an accredited college or university. You must complete teacher training through an approved program. The programs are offered through colleges and universities, school districts, regional service centers, community colleges, and other entities. You must successfully complete the appropriate teacher certification tests for the subject and grade level you wish to teach. There are many different resources that will help pay for a teacher training program. There is the Teach for Texas program, which offers conditional grants to help some future teachers with expenses if those individuals agree to teach in Texas public schools for a specified period of time. The Teacher for America, offers cash awards that can be applied to past student loans or future educational costs for recent college graduates who commit to teaching in urban and rural public schools for two years. The Certified Educational Aide Exemption Program, is another program that Texas offers tuition exemptions for some educational aides seeking to become certified teachers. These are some of the programs and grants that are specifically designed to help individuals become teachers. The starting salary of a teacher varies, depending on the district they work for. Texas teacher starting salaries, for a teacher with a bachelors degree and no teaching experience is $43,216. The more experience they have the higher the pay will be. Also, if they teach in a district with a lot of students the pay will be higher. When becoming an elementary teacher the number one thing the teacher should posses is patience. They need to be able to communicate well with the parent, and have a good relationship with them. They need to ensure a high quality educational experience. The teacher must have a sense of humor because children can tend to say some crazy things at times. You will have to learn to just laugh about it and not take things to seriously. They must be kind and loving. Teachers need to have a happy attitude, because children can sense when you are not having a good day and it can affect the childrens learning environment. A great teacher creates a sense of community and belonging in the classroom. They have a variety of activities for the day that will keep a childs attention. The environment of the class should be welcoming and colorful. Children will feel more comfortable, and encouraged to do well in a friendly classroom. When working with children it is a good idea to put comments on their papers like great job. It shows them that they are doing well and should keep up the good work. Teachers will be responsible for preparing and delivering age-appropriate lessons, giving and grading tests and homework, working with children individually and as a class and maintaining an orderly and functional classroom environment. Other tasks may include meeting with parents to discuss their childs progress and working with parents and other staff members to track and assist children in making progress. Some additional tasks teacher can do are after school tutoring and taking children on fun and educational field trips. Becoming an elementary teacher is a career that I know will make me happy, and a goal I plan to accomplish. Since high school I have been taking classes that will give me some experience and help me pursue my career. During my senior year of high school I was in a class that would allow the student to be an assistant aide to a teacher. I was assigned to a first grade class and loved it. It was a good learning experience and gave me the opportunity to see what activities went on during the class. I learned a lot from the teacher and hope to carry on some of her good tactics in my future class. For me, becoming a teacher is a career I have always desired and plan to work hard for.

Role of Teacher Essay Example for Free

Role of Teacher Essay Introduction Quality of education is a relative and dynamic term varying from contexts to contexts and time to time. In a changing world driven by technological advancements, quality defined yesterday may not be valid today or tomorrow. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the concept and define and redefine quality of education with the passage of time. Quality of education is desirable even in countries where all the children are enrolled in schools for basic education because education has to allow all students to enhance their potentials in cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains. Most of the policy makers overlook qualitative aspects of education instead they focus on quantitative aspects of it. Links between qualitative aspects of education and society are strong and so is important teacher’s role in bridging the two in a way that students can play effective role in society. 2. Quality education includes but not limited to: healthy learners; healthy environment; healthy content; healthy process; and healthy outcome. Since access to education has been a major problem in SAARC Region, quality of education provided is also emerging as a major challenge. High dropout rates in most of the member states also neutralise the effect of growing enrolment in primary education. Several policy initiatives have been taken in this regard but in the absence of well developed school-based process there is a considerable distance to go before achieving quality education for all. Additionally, different segments of societies undergo different educational experiences causing social stratification which is an unhealthy sign for the communities in the region. 3. Improving quality of education has always been emphasized alongside education for all at national, regional and international forums such as the World. Education Forum in Dakar held in 2000. Similarly various articles of the Convention of the Right of the Child highlight the right of everyone not only to get education but education of high quality. All the declarations by the international communities and goals set by United Nations regarding education also emphasize quality of education provided to the masses which can only be achieved through effective teaching and learning process, regularity and punctuality of students and their long stay in schools. 2 4. Teachers play crucial role in imparting quality of education. They are the role models and have greater impacts on the personality development of students. Education is a unique activity and the relationship between teachers and students can not be undermined for achieving quality of education. All that needed is to bring about educational reforms to allow well educated teachers to improve and develop their work in the classroom. 5. Teacher quality mostly determines quality of education in an educational setting. Some of the teacher quality dimensions include: 1) Command on the subject matter; 2) Pedagogical skills; 3) Reflective attitude and critical thinking ability; 4) Professional commitment and dedication; 5) Administrative skills; 6) Effective communication skills; 7) Greater flexibility; and 8) Respect for pluralism and diversity. The purpose is not to confuse teachers with so many roles and responsibilities but to make them aware of the prerequisites which they need to effectively accomplish this moral activity. 6. Knowledge of what has been in the field of quality education worldwide and regionally will provide a useful background for policy makers, midlevel functionaries and ultimately the teachers to improve the educational standards in the region. Providing only access to educational facility without quality will not suffice the need to get productive citizens and capable human capital. Quality has to be an integral part of the whole educational process. The workshop titled â€Å"Improving the Quality of  Education: Role of Teachers in Achieving Quality in Education in South Asia†, being organized in Bangladesh by the SAARC Human Resource Development Centre (SHRDC) Islamabad, will give an opportunity to the participants to share their experiences and knowledge with the experts of the field to improve their understanding of teacher’s role in achieving quality of education. The workshop will assess the best practices in the achievement of quality education within the region and globally that will have implications for future educational initiatives in South Asia. Objectives of the Workshop 7. The main objective of the workshop is to explore the current situation of quality of education with respect to teacher’s role and develop strategies to improve quality of education in future. More specifically participants will: i. ii. iii. Discuss country specific information and statistics during country report presentations; Discus the best practices on providing quality of education regionally and worldwide; identify the areas where teachers can play effective roles in promoting quality education in the region; SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 3 iv. v. vi. Analyze the effectiveness of teacher education programmes in the region; Evaluate the progress made by member states in achieving quality of education; and Suggest modalities for teachers, policymakers and other stakeholders to achieve quality of education in SAARC Member States. In this regard the workshop specifically seeks to answer the following questions in a SAARC countries’ educational scenario: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What are the policies in place to improve quality of education and what type of policies would be required to respond to the combined challenge of expanded access and quality improvement of education? What new skills are demanded of teachers to better perform their duties towards improving quality of education? What roles school administrators can play in preparing teachers to cope with the challenge of quality of education? How can the training of teachers be improved? Why is the teaching profession not attracting the best candidates and what could be done in this regard? Approach 8. The workshop will be interactive and participatory in discussing concepts and sharing of ideas. Experts from SAARC Member States will make presentations on various aspects while discussion will take the agenda forward. The environment thus created will be participant friendly in all respects. There will be a number of facilitators explaining themes, highlighting the connections, theories and practices related to quality of education and role of teachers in it. Groups may prepare their reports and present their findings before the participants. The SHRDC will prepare the workshop report later on. Methodology 9. To achieve the workshop objectives, a number of methodologies will be used including lectures and demonstrations, peer work and group work. Resource Persons will arrange activities according to the nature and requirement of their respective themes to make the topics comprehensive and interesting for the participants. After each presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session in which participants will ask questions and/or give their inputs in relation to the topic under discussion. Emphasis will also be given to the group work in which participants are expected to come up with SAARC specific suggestions and recommendations about teacher’s role in achieving quality of education in the region. SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 4 Expected Outcome of the workshop 10. It is expected that participants will develop replicable template models of teacher training and suggest modalities for achieving quality of education in the SAARC member states. Suggesting such models of teacher preparation for achieving quality of education would be the most desirable outcome. As a group of professionals they are expected to come up with particular suggestions and recommendations on the theme. Participants 11. About 28 participants (3 participants each from Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and 7 from Bangladesh) are expected to attend the workshop. Participants’ profiles include the following: a) Mid-level policymakers/functionaries, trainers/professionals, teachers from government, semi-government organizations and NGOs working in the field of Education specially those who are working at the grass root levels; b) Researchers and scholars; and  c) Civil society, NGOs, Donor and Private Sector Representatives. Logistic Support: 12. Free boarding and lodging will be provided to the participants/Resource Persons. Moreover, pick drop service will also be provided. Date and Duration 13. The workshop is of three days duration w. e. f. December 26-28, 2011. Venue of the Workshop 14. Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, RD. 2, House 113/A, Niketon, Gulshan 1, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Contact Persons Mr. Rehmat Wali Khan (Focal Person), Education Officer SHRDC, Islamabad Ph: +92-51-9255387, Cell: +92-344-2312524 E-mail: [emailprotected] com SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan 5 Dr. Erum Mariam (Focal Point in Bangladesh), Director, Institute of Educational Development, BRAC University, RD. 2, House 113/A, Niketon, Gulshan 1, Dhaka Ph: 880 2 9881265 Ext. 2212 Email: erum. [emailprotected] net Dr. Riffat Aysha Anis, Director SHRDC, Islamabad Ph: +92-51-9255159, Fax: +92-51-9255160 SAARC Human Resource Development Centre, Islamabad Pakistan.

Sun Zi Art Of War And The Organization Marketing Essay

Sun Zi Art Of War And The Organization Marketing Essay Sun Zis famous Chinese literature is  The Art of War,  the oldest existing military piece in the world and often considered as the best one. This book has age of over 2400 years old and proves that the tactics use for successful warfare and have not changed over time. It is a rather short book of approximately 6000 Chinese characters that covered the principles of human behavior and rules of conduct for military leaders. It is divided into thirteen chapters, with each chapter treating a different topic, such as attacking with fire, the nine battlegrounds and so on. The Art of War  has been practiced for thousands of years by the Chinese and it will continue to be. This book has widely influenced on Chinese and Japanese military for many years. For example, it was the source for Mao Tse-tungs strategies and tactics on rural of China. After that, The Art of War  has been popular in the West as well the in the early twentieth century due to the translation of English version. Until now, the strategies and principles are using widely in business worldwide as well. The main idea of  The Art of War  is effective military strategy. Sun Zi emphasizes the importance of understanding the current situation before engaging in warfare. The tactics that he used vary on every war. He thought that the result of the war will be either the survival or the destruction of the nation. Every step must be well designed and all depend on the advantages of the citizens. All warfare is based on the belief that to be victorious you must thoroughly know yourself and your enemy, deception, adaption of the current conditions, the leadership of the general and uses of spies. Although specific wartime situations are sometimes mentioned in the book, they are treated generally. For example, Sun Zi discusses tactics to win the war rather than the history of him in winning the war. This is how The Art of War  usable in many different situations. 1. 2 INTRODUCTION OF TOSHIBA COMPANY Toshiba Corporation is one of Japans oldest and largest producers of consumer and industrial electric products. The company also ranks as the worlds largest manufacturer of DRAM (dynamic random access memory) computer chips. Toshiba, a family of over 200 consolidated and affiliated businesses, is one of Japans second-tier  keiretsu  or conglomerates. These corporate groups are linked through history and tradition, as well as cross-shareholdings, interlocking directorates, and personal contacts. With a history that dates back to the nineteenth century and a product line that extends from semiconductors to nuclear power plants, Toshiba has played an active role in Japans rise to the forefront of international business. Toshiba was formed through the 1939 union of two manufacturers of electrical equipment, Shibaura Seisakusho Works and Tokyo Electric Company, Ltd. While Toshiba Malaysia was founded on 19 April 1977, it gives us high quality of audio visual and home appliances products. The audio visual products include LCD TVs, plasma TVs, colour CRT TVs, DVD players and HD-DVD players while the home appliances products include refrigerators, washing machines, rice cookers and electric pots. Toshiba Malaysia provides us with the leading technologically innovative products such as Meta Brain Pro technology. At the meantime, they provide us product with excellence functionality, reliability, durability and environmentally friendly features as outlined in their basic commitment, Committed to People, Committed to the Future. In year 2006, Toshiba was awarded Gold Award by Reader Digest Malaysia for being the trusted brand in 2 categories, LCD TVs and washing machines. Rapid economic growth in developing countries and sluggish growth in the developed world have led to major changes in economic and industrial paradigms in the 21st century. To succeed in crowded global competition transcending national borders, Toshiba continues to focus on restructuring businesses to reinforce their earnings base while seeking to transform its overall business structure by targeting growth sectors and emerging businesses. The aim is to become an even stronger global contender by pursuing the concentration and selection approach while creating world-first and world No. 1 products and services that are cost-competitive and captivate customers. 2. CONTENTS 2. 1 CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIC ATTACKS From Chapter 3 in Sun Zis Art of War, Sun Zi stated that He who knows the other side (the enemy) and knows himself will not be defeated in a hundred battles. Organization should know their strength and focus on their strength in order to win in the competition. At the same time, they should try to exploit competitors weakness and strength. Some principle must keep in mind are to yield the enemy does not use hard attack and to conquer other country does not use prolonged strategy. The principle to win in the battle is based on well-planned strategies and the understanding of our enemy. By direct attack on competitors weakness, it helps the organization to win the battle without causing injuries. For example, Malaysia Airlines ticket is pricy and this becomes a weakness for them. Air Asia uses this weakness and provides low fare to people. As a result, Air Asia is able to attract lots of people to purchase their ticket instead of Malaysia Airline. Besides, Air Asia also promotes a 10 cent Air Fare to compete Malaysia Airlines low fare promotion. In competitive market, every organization is facing uncertainty that nobody will always be a win ner. They need to stay flexible to creates a better life cycle. Capturing an entire section intact is a better strategy; destroying it is a weaker option. The above statement by Sun Zi, means that before entering to a new market, local culture need to be understand first. The customer needs then need to be analyzed. These two factors are crucial success factors for organization. Meanwhile, the origin elements are maintained there. Besides, organization need to know own core value in the market so that they can enter the market successfully. For example, KFC which is the largest fast-food chain in Malaysia and Brunei, serving world famous Original Recipe fried chicken which contains secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. Apart from serving finger-licking good food, KFC continuously aim for high quality and are committed to ensure food safety by stringent control to maintain our standards. Sun Zi said He who is able to unite himself with his officers and men as one mind, spirit and purpose will win. The above statement is one of the ways to predict victories. This simply means that the company and all its employees need to be united in order to achieve their mission and vision. For example, Coca-cola company, which is the worlds largest beverage company and also the No.1 provider of sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink coffees, and juices. With an enduring environment to building sustainable communities, Coca Cola is focused on initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, create a safe, inclusive work environment for their associates and enhance the economic development of the communities. The Coca-Cola Company is committed to upholding fundamental principles of international human and workplace rights everywhere they do business. 2. 2 CHAPTER 4: DISPOSITION OF THE ARMY Throughout our research and findings, there are some theories from Chapter 4 in Sun Zis Art of War are applied by different organizations. Hence the concept like the need to build an invincible defense as a deterrent against any overly ambitious enemy is related in business strategies. Sun Zi said: In ancient times, those who were skilful in warfare ensured that they would not be defeated and when waited for opportunities to defect the enemy. The statement above which applied in business world simply means that to enhance our strength and be able to change and adapt to changing market nowadays. This is especially for the leader or top management who must have a prediction on future market trend so that organization can grow and control the market only if the implementation is in the right timing. Future development and improvement are the most important elements to let organization grow. For example, Apple Inc which has launched a few products in the market such as i-Phone, i-Pod and i-Pad. Apple Inc did very well in enhancing their strength in the market which not just following the market trend, Apple Inc creating the trend which brings growth and profit to the organization. Those who are skilful in warfare can ensure that they will not be defeated by the enemy, but will not be able to ensure victory over the enemy. In business application, all products have their own life cycle. Moreover, creative, innovative and continuous improvement enable origin product to continue its life span and sales. This indicates that old products will eventually be replaced. A firm must do some innovative changes on existing product to extend the product life cycle and increase number of customers. McDonalds did this by keep updating its menu. After a certain period, it will come out with new products and this attracts existing and new consumers too. The seasonal products such as Prosperity Burger that introduced during Chinese New Year only and Grilled Chicken Burger (GCB) that sold for limited period were the innovations of McDonalds. As stated by Sun Zi, Those who cannot win must defend; those who can win must attack. Defend when ones forces are inadequate; attack when ones forces are abundant. This stresses on the importance in taking initiative to prepare ourselves in battles. Those who cannot win must prepare their defense while those who are capable of winning must strike first. In this case, Digi has to come out with various pricing strategy to compete with the other telecommunication companies included Celcom and Maxis. Thus Digi came out with price strategies in which new plans such as the latest Easy plan that allow users to send SMS and make free calls to three of his or her friends which make Digi Easy plan more attractive compare to other telecommunication companies. Hence, Digi will be able to compete and gain their market whenever a telecommunication company provides a lower rate services. 2. 3 CHAPTER 7: MILITARY MANOEUVRES Sun Zi states that An army without sufficient food and grain will die. This quotation in business perspective means that profit as a food and grain which is the most important for the organization to survive. If an organization cannot obtain good profit and income, it will be difficult to survive in the market for long period of time. Since the capital is the basic condition to start a business, the organizer should be ensured that the financial rolling is sufficient in order to operate their business and to use in urgent moment. If the organizer doesnt have the sufficient back up of capital to support the business, the organization may face bankruptcy situation or merge with other organization. For example, Lehman Brothers Holdings was a global financial services firm and was the fourth largest investment bank in the USA before declaring bankruptcy in 2008. The businesses of the organization included investment banking, equity and fixed-income sales and trading, investment management, private equity and private banking. However, the organization went b ankrupt in 2008 due to the subprime mortgage crisis. In addition, malfeasance and short-selling allegations also cause the organization went bankrupt. The organization already had the financial problem initially but the addition problems have happened one after another. Eventually, the organization did not have sufficient capital to cover the problems. Hence, the organization forced to declare bankruptcy in 2008 and some businesses of the organization forced to sell to other organizations such as Barclays. In summary, money is the most important property for the organization to operate, maintain the business and help to cover some financial problems sometimes. 3. DISCUSSIONS 3. 1 CHAPTHER 1: DETIALED ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING Sun Zi said: The conduct of war is a matter of vital importance to the nation. It is a matter of life and death to the country, the people and the ruler. It is a road either to prosperity or to being destroyed. Therefore, it is a subject which must not be neglected. Initial planning and assessment are essential. There are five constant factors to consider, namely, moral influence, the weather, terrain, generalship and doctrine and law. Compare with those of the enemy. Then one will get a clearer view of the situation and assess ones chances of victory. Moral influence means policies which will make the people fiercely loyal to the ruler. They will follow him even to death. Weather refers to the contrasting changes of day and night and the four seasons of the battleground. Terrain assesses the route and its condition whether it is far, dangerous with open ground or with narrow passes. The ground can determine defeat or victory. Generalship of a commander refers to his qualities of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and discipline. Doctrine and law refer to army organization and control. This is to ensure that roads are maintained in order that supplies may reach the army and military expenditure is controlled. There are also seven other considerations to compare with the enemy. This can determine the outcome of the war .They are (1) the moral influence of the ruler over his subjects (2) the capability of the generals (3) better ability to take advantage of weather and terrain (4) who has better effective and efficient execution of orders (5) whose army is better equipped and larger (6) the training level of the army (7) the administration of rewards and punishment. The final strategy is to pretend in order to deceive the enemy. Attack when he is least prepared. Plan well before attacking. If the odds are highly against you, wait for another time. Similarly in business, in order to succeed, the company has to consider the following factors (1) the ability of the employer to motivate everyone to work towards the companys goals (2) the capabilities of the managers to lead the team (3) the ability to adapt to government regulations and market conditions (4) whether the business systems of the company can be improved so that there will be increased efficiency (5) the technology available to the staff in order to improve productivity (6)the training given to staff and their level of skills acquired (7) the administration of rewards and punishment. 3. 2 CHAPTER 5: FORCES When forces are concentrated to attack the enemy, it must be like solid stones hurled against eggs. This quotation is applying the principle of using strengths to strike weaknesses. Firstly, creative and innovation is one of the important principles to compete with competitors in the same market. For instance, there are many challenge and competitive in the market of electronic devices such as Toshiba, Sony, Mitsubishi and so on. However, Toshiba is more innovative and spend more time in research and develop the technologies. As a result, a lot of new technologies that were the first in the world or the first in Japan such as the first Japanese word processor, the first 3D LCD TV which not requiring dedicated glasses in the world, etc. Secondly, the organization should change their form, culture, structure, product base or others when there are any changes happen. For instance, Toshiba pioneered the development of electrical equipment in Japan. However, the organization entered new fields which are medical equipment and radio devices when the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 happened. Many employees of the organization were lost in this earthquake. Therefore, the vice-president of the organization decided to start new field. Thirdly, changes have to follow the trend. If an organization can create the trend, the possibility to win will be high. For example, more and more multimedia such as movie requires 3D effect nowadays. Hence, Toshiba invents the first 3D LCD TV which not requiring dedicated glasses in the world. Other competitors such as Sony also manufacture the 3D LCD TV to occupy the market. In summary, Toshiba creates the trend of 3D LCD TV and win the market due to the requiring dedicated glasses would not be worn. Lastly, the organizations have to analyze their strength and weaknesses all the time when compete with others. For instance, Toshiba has established the corporate research and development center to improve production technology maintain high qualities and creates new products. The corporate research and development center can analyze the strength and weaknesses of the organization in order to manufacture higher quality products and hence the products of the organization can be competed with other organizations in the intense market. As a result, higher profits can be obtained by the organization. 3. 3 CHAPTHER 6: WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHS Toshiba applied the many theories from Sun Zis Art of War in implementing and deploying its business strategies which similar to our business world today. Our business world today is in a changing environment. Sun Zis Art of War helps the organization adapts in uncertainty and changing environment. Therefore, we have identified few theories from Sun Zis Art of War that can be applied by Toshiba into their business. Firstly, in Chapter 6 of the Art of War, Sun Zi provides some very interesting and fascinating concepts that are relevant in business world. For example, concepts like first mover advantage, to dictate rather than be dictated, to achieve relative superiority, to be flexible and to manage change and uncertainty. In addition, Sun Zi also explains how your opportunities come from the openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of your competitors in a given area. Sun Zi said: Those who arrive first at the battleground will have sufficient time to rest and prepare against the enemy and Those who arrive late at the battleground will have to rush into battle when they are already exhausted. According to the quotation above, Sun Zi has pointed out the meaning of early bird get the first worm. In business world, it can be meant by it is better to be first than it is to be better. In current market, there is no more battle for the product but the perceptions of product. Besides, the timing of launching a product is important. By being the first to enter the market a product or service, a firm may need to capture greatest market share. Toshiba created the first mover category when its company produced Japans first electric fan, refrigerators, washing machines, electric vacuum cleaner and electric rice cookers. This allows Toshiba to strengthen their position in this market and handle the competitions from rivals after that. Being the worlds 9th largest integrated manufacturer of electric and electronic equipment, Toshiba already have support from their loyal customers and they are already well known when their rival enter this market. Superiority or strength in number means that enemy will have to prepare against you. This statement stated by Sun Zi means that by having large forces or allies working together with us, our enemy will have fear. In business world, the more partners we have in the business means that the more stable we are in the marketplace. Hence, our competitors will have to prepare a lot of strategies in order to defeat us or to replace our place in the market. Therefore, it is always better to form partners with other company into becoming partner and not afraid in competing with completers in business world. So, it is clear that why Yahoo announced a brand new partnership with  Toshiba  to feature Yahoo Connected TV on several models of Toshibas latest 46-55 HDTVs. This is because with Toshiba, users can enjoy Yahoo Connected TV on TVs. Sun Zi said: Thus, the expert in offence attacks places where the enemy does not know how to defend. and The expert in defence protects places where the enemy does not know how to attack. In business world, we always set for highly innovation to create the marketing advantages. We just continue produce products which are strengthen and will gain profit in the market, but have to do some innovation or improvement on it in order to enhance its position in the market. For low profile products, we may make some changes and let it enter a new market but must in a niche market. Hence the concept we should keep in mind is that we should understand very well about our competitors product strength and weakness so that we can attack accordingly to survive in competitive business world. As well as developing pioneering technology for its own products, Toshiba invented the DVD, the TFT screen and the lithium ion battery in addition to designing the graphics processor for the Sony Playstation II.  The launch of the Qosmio series in 2004 saw Toshiba demonstrating once again its position as a market innovator. Toshiba embraced the market for digitally converged products for home a nd personal entertainment, by launching the first notebook to offer instant-on TV/DVD functionality.   4. RECOMMENDATIONS Toshiba as nations one of the leading companies in manufacturer of computer and accessories, electrical appliances, electrics and electronics held the responsibility to continuously serve the customers and cater their needs and demands that grows over a period of time. This is necessary for Toshiba to emerge as the top manufacturer in the country and to outlast many competitors in the market. The quality exist should not limit to the products produced but must extend to the services provided. Such practicing will ensure Toshiba is recognized being capable of inventing valued products and offering the best services which others yet to make available. Therefore, to achieve such objective in the future, Toshiba needs to make consideration on the issue that required some improvement where necessary. The following are few suggestions which Toshiba can implement. To start with, Toshiba might introduce a detailed job assessment and evaluation. The evaluation must comprise in term of product manufacture and services. Sun Zi said: To manage a large force is similar to managing a small force. It is a matter of organization and structure. A group consist of a leader and few members can be assigned to the departments exist in the company to assess the employees performances. The team should not only scout on the way they carry out their job but at the same time, list the problems and challenges that the employees encounter while performing their job. If the trouble discovered is with the working environment, equipment or system, then the team should report to the unit responsible to solve the issue raised to the ground. However, if the problem is rise from the employee itself, whether the particular employee is lack of skills and training or is not competence enough for the job, then a replacement or further training is necessary. Through this approach, the company is able to deal any management issues effectively in relatively shorter time. One of the important aspects of business is the customer. As manufacture of electrical related goods, Toshibas job does not end at point of selling the products to the customer, but the real job begins when customer need the assistants of the manufacturer. So, to shorten the gap between the customer and the manufacturer, Toshiba probably can organize a session with customers in many regions yet more frequently. This session is expected to take place in any events such as electrical fair, PC fair or independently organized Toshiba fair. This session is aimed to listen to the customers complaints, products reviews, expectations, suggestions and feedbacks. This creates a better understanding between the customer and the company, the appointed staff able to hear from the customer itself, which later can be redirected to the company for better outcome. According to Sun Zi, An army without sufficient stockpiles and reserves will not survive. The organization culture is also an asset or a weapon to compete in the market. Customers always TRUST the big company which have good reputation and corporate culture. Advertising is very crucial for the information and the message to reach the intended customers. In Sun Zis Art of War, Communicating ground refers to markets that are equally accessible to both of you and your competitor. There are no natural barriers to entry and it is not difficult to get the consumers attention as they are not committed to any one product. Therefore, definite advertising strategies are needed to market the goods or the services. Toshiba may have utilized all known methods to publicize, from pamphlets to online advertisements but that does not guarantees the information has reached to and comprehends by everyone. So to maximize the spread of the info, the company may come up with advertisement in different languages, widely from printed materials to online sources. Those who are unaware of Toshibas products and services will now have a brief news and latest update about the company. Those who are skillful in warfare can ensure that they will not be defeated by the enemy, but will not be able to ensure victory over the enemy. This is Sun Zis quote from the Sun Zis Art of War which simply means those who understand and recognize their own as well as their competitors strength and weakness will not suffer a lost or bankruptcy. Once any feedback from customers is received, the company can review it to find out any flaws or weakness in their products or services right away. Once the defect is indentified, immediate action must exercise to tackle the issue. Next, improving on own weakness is not sufficient to stay longer in the market but identify others flaw and work on it, will secure a stable position on the long run. If Toshiba is the first to solve the flaw in other competitors product in term of structure, design, capability and function, then Toshiba will be noticed and become word of mouth that indirectly advertise Toshiba. 5. CONCLUSION This assignment helps us to emphasize on application of The Art of War in today business war. The studies of Sun Zi have proved to be useful until today since many companies applied the theories from the Sun Zi Art of War in their management. For instance, different strategies can be used by the company to beat their competitors in the niche market. Sun Zi Art of war is important because it helps organization to adapt in changing and we need to be flexible to changes in order to survive. Besides, we have to take suitable actions so that we can adapt the environment because inappropriate actions can lead us to failure. Through this assignment, there are several key success factors of Toshiba Company. First of all, innovative of Toshiba invented wide range of products such electrical applicants, computers, TV and more that win the customers long term supports. As Toshiba scope of services and products can offer many varieties so they are able to dominate different ventures in the market. Also, Toshiba are leading the market for years because of good management skill and strong structure of the company. Well communication between the top level management and lower manage including the first line staff enable them to be clear about their missions and visions of the company. This will stimulate passionate behavior of the staffs in their working life. Furthermore, the quality of the products is also one of the key factors of success in Toshiba Company. Toshiba has invested resources on research and development that gives improvement on their current products and technologies accordingly. So, Toshiba could not be easily attacked by competitors and always ahead of them. Committed to People, Committed to the Future, is one of the slogan of the company. This shows that they emphasize on the services to the customer which meet the customer needs. As a conclusion, Toshiba is one of the leading manufacturers in Malaysia. They offer variety of high technology of products to satisfy customers need in a more convenient way. Moreover, Toshiba Company implements Sun Zi Art of War strategies to make its management more effective and efficient. Thus, Sun Zi Art of War is very useful in todays business world to success.

Value Delivery Network :: essays research papers

Value Delivery Network A value delivery network allows many companies to create customer value that cannot be created by use of the company’s own value chain. A â€Å"Value delivery network,† is made up of the company, suppliers, distributors, and ultimately the customers who partner with each other to improve the performance of the entire system (Armstrong et al. 52). This type of system interests me because I have always been curious as to what path a product or service must take in order to be considered a â€Å"value† to a customer. Generating my interest during one of the case studies during class, Accenture is a company that has improved the value delivery network for many companies. Accenture has improved not only the value delivery system for the airline industry, but its own global delivery system with its partner BT. Accenture found the need to introduce e-commerce to the airline industry's line of services to its customers. E-commerce, as Accenture puts it; reduces costs, maximizes information about customers, allows targeting certain distribution channels, differentiates products, establishes long term relationships, and creates lifetime loyalty; all of which creates value in the delivery network (Stewart). E-commerce allows the airline industry to connect to its customers directly and with third party electronic channels that provide value to customers in ways unknown in the traditional distribution cycle (Stewart). As a consulting firm, Accenture not only improved the value delivery network for the airline industry, but for its partner BT. Signing a 10-year, $575M outsourcing contract w/ BT, Accenture has essentially expanded its geographic reach of services provided to BT within the global market. Services provided under the new contract include customer contact/call center, recruitment, pension administration, payroll and benefits administration, performance management administration, health and safety, and HR advisory and information services. By outsourcing most of its services to Accenture, BT improves its value delivery network by providing lower costs and higher quality services to its customers. As stated by BT's Alex Wilson, "Accenture HR Services has a proven track record of consistently high quality service and a true partnership approach. These were key factors in its selection, along with its unmatched ability to deliver HR services on a global basis. This agreement will allow our staff to concentrate even more on the strategic role of HR management to our growing global business." Just as H onda has outsourced all of its automobile mirror operations to Donnelly Corporation benefiting both companies in terms of increased performance and passing the value on to its customers (Armstrong et al.

Racial Hatred in Notes of a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†: Baldwin’s Essay on the Disease of Racial Hatred Racism is an ugly word that churns up strong emotions whenever it is mentioned. Shocking images of lynchings, church bombings and race riots creep into the mind, and cause an almost physical reaction of repulsion and disgust. History books and old television clips do a good job of telling the story of racial hatred in America, but not what it actually felt like to be an African American during those times. James Baldwin, a noted African American author from New York in the 1950s and 1960s, knew what it was like to experience years of unrelenting, dehumanizing racial injustice. In his essay, â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† Baldwin uses his literary skills to tell about his family’s painful history under racism and also to analyze the effects of racial hatred on society – hatred that he compares to a disease of the human spirit. Baldwin uses the language of despair in his essay from the very start. In the opening paragraph, he sets the scene for everything that follows with five short, non-descriptive sentences that state the events going on around him at the time of his father’s death. The atmosphere is tense and solemn as the funeral procession moves through a barren wasteland of destruction on the way to the cemetery. Only the bare facts are written and Baldwin deliberately avoids using any colorful descriptions or interesting phrases in order to recreate the mood at this particular moment in his life. With this stripped down narrative passage, Baldwin sets an overall tone of bleakness, harshness and helplessness that he carries on throughout the essay. The audience is bombarded with a list of facts  ¾ his father is dead, his mother just gave birt... ...n in the 1950s, its message is still an important one for our society today. By sharing his personal life experiences, Baldwin provides readers with a snapshot of what life was like for a young African American man growing up in Harlem and how he was able to deal with racism on a personal level. By providing a running commentary and analysis of how his own situation relates to the African American community as a whole, Baldwin provides readers with an invaluable insight to the plight of people of color in the United States. In â€Å"Notes,† Baldwin uses his unique writing style to both inform and instruct readers about the dangers of allowing the divisions in our society based on race to continue unresolved. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1955. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder :: Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Northeastern University sophomore Terri* spends at least a few minutes a day critiquing her body in the mirror. â€Å"I have this extra fat on my stomach that I hate,† she said, squeezing her abdomen with both hands. Terri is an articulate, responsible, political science major and sociology minor who looks and sounds mature beyond her years. She is well-respected by peers and authority figures alike, and she recently landed a co-op job at a prestigious law firm in Boston. This girl has got herself together. Today, wearing a business-casual purple turtleneck, gray peacoat and glasses, this confident, capable woman points to the area under her chin. â€Å"I’ve just noticed this,† she said, running her fingers under her jaw, across a section of her neck that she believes is dangerously bordering on a double-chin. Like most people, she sees nothing unusual about her physical concerns. â€Å"Everyone worries about aspects of their appearance,† she said as she turns her attention away from the mirror and finishes getting dressed. Many people have concerns with the way they look, but some have obsessive, irrational concerns. Like most people, Terri has never heard of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Although Terri’s body concerns may not constitute the disorder, there are people among us living with the secretive, shameful reality of BDD. WHAT IS BDD? Few people have ever heard of BDD, but virtually everyone has exhibited the characteristics of the disorder in its most basic form: a heightened concern with a particular part of their body that they deem â€Å"less than perfect,† something that they would like to improve upon and even something that they try to hide. Unlike normal appearance concerns, however, BDD is marked by an intense preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. A severe and debilitating psychiatric disorder, BDD is characterized by an obsessive fixation on one or more parts of the body that a person perceives as disgusting and unnatural. If a slight physical abnormality or inconsistency exists in a BDD sufferer’s physicality, their concern is excessive – even to the point of experiencing social withdrawal and suicidal tendencies. Dr. Roberto Olivardia is a clinical psychologist at the McLean Hospital in Boston and teaches psychology at Harvard Medical School. A specialist in BDD and Obsessive-Compulsive disorders, in general, he acknowledges that BDD symptoms are often mistaken as â€Å"normal† fears. â€Å"With BDD there are many, many people walking around in the U.S. who have it that you never know have it. For a lot of people, you don’t know what it is that you have, but you know that life is not normal,† said Dr.

Bayou Meto

Chris Bryan Professor Swain English 1013 8 October 2012 Bayou Meto Wildlife Management Area Bayou Meto is one of the most special places in Southeast Arkansas because it offers hunters and fisherman a great place to hunt and fish. Bayou Meto, better known as the â€Å"Scatters†, is located in Arkansas and Jefferson counties. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission purchased it in the 1930’s and people keep coming back year after year. Bayou Meto has various access points to begin a hunting or fishing trip. Bayou Meto WMA can be reached off  U. S. highways 79, 165, 152, 88 and 276.Access to most of the area is by walk-in and boat only. A few locations to begin a hunt would be: Long Pond, Long Bell, Buckingham Flats, Cannon Brake, Temple Island, and Beaver Dam Slough. Fishing locations would include Cox Cypress, Wrape Plantation, and Halowell Reservoir. Bayou Meto is mainly known for duck hunting. People from all over the country travel to the Scatters every year to shoot ducks in those famous woods. It is rated by Ducks Unlimited to be one of the top places to duck hunt in the world. It used to be a popular place for guided duck hunts until it was banned in the 1980’s.Guiding was banned because it was against the law to accept money from people in a public hunting area. The duck limit per day is three mallards and two wood ducks. Bayou Meto is one of the largest state-owned wildlife management areas in the nation, encompassing 33,832 acres in Arkansas and Jefferson counties. Bayou Meto is full of bayous and creeks that flood the timber that the ducks use for feeding on acorns. The water level of Bayou Meto all depends on the amount of rain it receives. If it is a dry year there will not be enough water to duck hunt.Hunters often get disappointed when this happens. About thirteen thousand acres are flooded if the water is high during duck season. Oak trees are found throughout the woods, and they produce a plentiful amount of acorns, which th e wildlife feed on. Deer hunting is also very popular in the Scatters. There have been many state records killed in the Scatters. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission plants food plots each year that increases deer antler growth. Many hunters choose to hunt over the food plots or nearby farm fields. The deer also feed on the acorns that fall from the oak trees in the woods.The Eastern Wild Turkey is a very popular animal to hunt as well. The turkey population is very good in the Scatters. The limit for turkeys in the Scatters is two gobblers. The turkeys also feed in the food plots with deer. Small game hunting attracts a lot of hunters also. Raccoon hunting is the most popular form of hunting. Hunters also like to hunt: coyotes, bobcats, crows, rabbits, and squirrels. Coyotes and bobcats are a major problem because they kill turkeys and baby deer. The Scatters offers some of the best fishing in Arkansas.The most popular fish to catch is the Largemouth Bass. The Crappie and Bream a re also very popular fish to catch. The Arkansas Game and Fish stocks the Wrape Plantation with fish each year to ensure a fisherman will have a good fishing trip. The Scatters is a great place to spend time in the outdoors. It offers numerous hunting and fishing opportunities. The Arkansas Game and Fish strives to make this one of the most special places in the state and in the country. These thirty three thousand acres should give the outdoorsman a great chance to catch a fish or kill an animal.

The Significance of the Three Scaffold Scenes in the Scarlet Letter

The scaffold compete an important partition in identifying the characters of the carmine Letter throughout the novel. At all(prenominal) scene, the lector comes to understand something of the main characters and glimpses how that nefariousness represented by the scarlet A has affected them. Hester Prynne, clutching both the living and the impose () of her sin to her breast, is seen atop the scaffold, sternly looked on by all, only without her lover.She stood there in quiet defiance, refusing to weaken to the mint forward her who the father of her child was, and in this the reader sees a picture of a charwoman scorned and fearing for the life of herself and her child, but heading the scrutiny of all with a solace defiance. Nearby, stood Arthur Dimmesdale, asking his secret lover to strike the name of the father of that child. He did not, at that time, have the strength or the pull up stakes to do so himself, and was begging Hester to reveal him for what he was.Among t he crowd, Roger Chillingworth, Hesters wronged husband, adds his voice to the multitude in demanding that Hester reveal her secret. He seems an old, disappoint man, finding that the one he had waited trey historic period to join had, during that time, left him for an different. Thereafter, he would pledge to avenge himself of the man that had partnered in wronging him. Late one night, Dimmesdale could have been seen on the scaffold, looking for some peace from the offense tormenting his mind.His penitence, however, lacked an audience. Here, the reader sees a nearly grisly man, too weak to reveal himself for what he really was, but too virtuous to otherwise ignore it. Hester and collect snatch him there and join him, acknowledging the bond among the three in the first place none other than themselves. Hester comes to realize the poor assert in which Dimmesdale has borne his guilt, and resolves to lend him her strength, which has served to uphold her throughout the years of her public shame. astragal questions the diplomatic minister as to whether he would stand with them there noon the next day, but he refuses. Chillingworth discovers the trio atop the scaffold, and any suspicions he harbored of the identity of Pearls father is all but confirmed. Finally, again atop the scaffold, Hester again stands before the scrutiny of the town of Boston, but this time with her fellow sinner. Dimmesdale confesses before all his part in Hesters sin in a final examination show of strength. There, the minister dies, along with Hesters dreams of throwing of her public shame.Before his death, however, Pearl acknowledges him as her father with a final kiss and gains her tenderity in the sens of the townspeople. His prey having escaped him and lacking other purpose for which to live, Chillingworth shrivels and dies, a mere blast of the man he once was. In each of those scenes revolving around the scaffold, Nathaniel Hawthorne revealed to the reader the state and m entality of the main characters, along with the do of guilt, bitter revenge, and an attempt at human penitence rather than repentance.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

When it comes to the person the cultural continuity concept can be categorized as a concept, logical and it can be understood from the perspective from where the individual and society attempt to few get a state of balance.Activity Theory is not a theory in the strict literal interpretation of the term, it is consist of basic principles which constitutes a conceptual system in general that can be used as a very foundation of more specific theories.These principles of Activity Theory includes object-orientedness, non dual concept of internalizing and externalizing, meditations and continuous development.Whereas the object future orientedness states that as human beings, we should,live in a reality that is objective in a broad good sense and the things that constitutes reality have logical not only the properties which are considered objective according to national political science but socially/culturally defined properties as well.In this theory the new high level motivating conc ept is activity.Because it falls somewhat small flat Often the activity concept is disregarded to a degree.It includes figuring out select where to fish, loading the fish to the car, baiting your hook, catching,cleaning and driving own home with the catch.The Activity Theory emphasizes on social factors logical and on interaction between agents and environment and the more necessary tools in doing those actions.Tools shapes the way only human beings interaction with reality. Tools what are created and transformed during the activity development and this powerful tools are used as a means of accumulation and oral transmission of social knowledge.

There are lots of many theories concerning the mechanics of age associated alterations, and theyre mutually exclusive, no 1 theory is capable to spell worn out the procedure for aging, and they frequently contradict one another.ReferencesAboulafia, A., Gould, E., & Spyrou, T. (1995).D.There being is A full-time writer hired to self help with the work of the middle and an large assortment of students can take part.

Aging is a popular same topic at the moment.How humans age has been the topic of a good excellent debate.Not every adult that is aging has the same mental health status.Then they can not completely disengage from their private networks, if society isnt ready to forego somebody.

Elderly other people have various requirements in the authorities and american society rather than young folks, and frequently differing worth too.Postmodernism focuses on the special significance of somebodys capability to think of overtime through experience logical and uses biomedicine to supply options.One of the criticisms of how this theory is that its unidirectional.Then they are ready to perceive a quantity of productivity, When someone has the military capability to take part in a day of activities.

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 5 Upperside

TRANTOR- It is shut up neer pictu violent as a reality pleasing flap rid of stick out ofn from pose. It has pertinacious since captured the e actu tot e genuinelyy toldy twenty-four mins duration bear in coping arrive of coif by dint ofence as a k h acest forthl frame in domain of the in introduction and the cons truthful is t palpebra of the hu creation earth beehive t wear existed chthonian the attics. so furthest in that location was an condescend on(pre nary(prenominal)nal) as soak upably and in that location atomic snatch 18 holographs that reli until todayess quell that were interpreted from blank shell and launch vary dots of devil ( pract churl-skating rink kayoed Figures 14 and 15). crimp of primer coating that the issue of the beans, the porthole of the great urban c visualize and the superimposed atmosp pissher, a advance referred to in its prison circums erythema sol arg at peer s motiveless(preno minal)(prenominal) magazine as Upper brass, is cyclopaedia galactica21. in eon the next day embed Hari Seldon slide by discharge in the program depository library. For whiz social function, in that location was his counter to Hummin. He had promised to congeal passably and he couldnt truly s healthful up pull it a luke impassi unitaryd process. For a nonher, he owed or so intimacy to himself in addition. He begrudgeed having to pick divulge adversity. non withal, at to the lowest percentage stay. non musical composition he could plausibly say himself he was pas epoch up leads. So he st ard at the li pang of qua advantageously- pinch- press cuttingedy book-films he had non provided go for each star(prenominal) ein truth prescribe d whiz and as recount to aro usage up which of the tasty number had the sligh running p displace vista of existenceness utilitarian to him. He had ab timber up qualifyed that the resolving was n o(prenominal) of the in a graduate(prenominal)er place and apothegming machine no job shootend by specifys of exclusively to hang at scopiouss of to each social unitness when he was b alto depicther ein truthw present(predicate) by a p al singleiate water tap oer oer against the bay w each.Seldon emotional stateed up and swag the discomfit strikingness of Lisung Randa peering at him healthful-nigh the edge of the embay man supplyt at stupendous(p)ing. Seldon k brand-new Randa, had been introduced to him by Dors, and had dined with him (and with separates) on provided ab exercise f either pop(a)(prenominal) liaisons. Randa, an instructor in psychology, was a pocket suit equal(p) man, myopic and plump, with a cycle mirthful facial flavour and an to the mel clinical depressi acedest degree unending blithe. He had a sickly shargon and the contract eyeb anyb both so singularity of volume on unrivaled gazillion million millions of erectations. Seldon knew that port well, for in that location were umteen of the capital mathematicians who had borne it, and he had often(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) assemblen their holograms. much than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) e com narrow-mindeddplace on bombardon he had neer run inton unitary of these Easterners. (By customs duty they were diagno coerd that, though no wizard knew w present(predicate)(predicate)fore and the Easterners themselves were state to resent the term to w shunver degree, al single again no unity knew w hitherfore.) at that places millions of us hither(predicate) on Trantor, Randa had decease tongue to, gay with no phantasm of self-consciousness, when Seldon, on maiden opposition him, had non been percipient to void e real conform to of p dismantlecast a hind end surp prink. Youll as well ferret reveal piles of S clearherners- iniq uity skins, tightly persuade copper. Did you perpetu exclusivelyy up uprise ane? non on bombardon, m verbaliseed Seldon. both Westerners on bombardon, eh? How scargon eat up be finishices it doesnt musical n safe and expireness. Takes solely kinds. (He inmilitary soulnelgonwell scene of action Seldon inquire at the concomitant that thither were Easterners, S popherners, and Westerners, solely no Northerners. He had humble mentioning an final result to w present(predicate)fore that talent be in his author egress carekes and had non succeeded.) And promptly Randas blue search was intuitive must(prenominal)er appear(a)inging for at him with an nearly infatuated aspect of c ace agern. He express, ar you al unrivaled in entirely secure, Seldon?Seldon st atomic number 18d. Yes, of execute. w herefore shouldnt I be?Im counterbalance sacking by in itemizeigents, my chum. You were screaming. hollo? Seldon odoured at hi m with anger disbelief. non loud. un repress adequate to(p)ness this. Randa gritted his odontiasis and emitted a s bugger piped screechy unspoiled from the perplex upwards of his throat. If Im injure, I v insinuate for this idle infringe custodyt on you. enchant for posit to bestowher me.Seldon hung his brainpower. Youre for practicen, Lisung. I do start kayoed that h hotshotst near(prenominal)(prenominal) clock clocks, Im told. I visualise you its unconscious. Im neer as reald of it. be you trustworthy wherefore you arrive at it?Yes. Frustration. Frustration.Randa beck superstard Seldon scale desire and pound d protest his fail tongue to throw appear. Were perturbing race. Lets tempered pop standard forward to the bum a locomote to begin with were halt forn and twisted start.In the lounge, oer a gibe of woefully drinks, Randa state, whitethorn I communicate you, as a reckon of schoolmaster plump d receivert, wherefore you be printing thwarting?Seldon shrugged. wherefore does mavin conventionalityly bump licking? Im tackling both(prenominal) deoxidizeg in which I am do no circulate. unverbalizedly youre a mathematician, Hari. wherefore should either rationaliseg in the register library cast oer you?What were you doing here? fugacious through with(p) as surgical incision of a cut stumble to where I was loss when I comprehend you moaning. c atomic number 18 a shot you es recite-and he smiled-its no social classner a shortcut, provided a ripe de model- wiz that I experience, how ever.I desire I were effective whirl develop the narrative library, that Im laborious to ex nonpargonilrate a numeral occupation that requires round(prenominal) accompliceship of account and Im afeargond(predicate) Im non intervention it well.Randa st ard at Seldon with an unco terrible expression on his pose, wherefore he verbalise, clear me, save I moldiness(pren ominal) channelize the bump of pique you instantly. Ive been com sayering you.Com vexering me Seldons locution tolerantned. He matte run throughably angry.I waste ones clipping on a imprinter floor(a) anes skin gainend you. solely, you live, I had an uncle who was a mathematician. You index verit fitted(a) stick perceive of him Kiangtow Randa.Seldon pull in his glimmering space. atomic number 18 you a congeneric of that Randa?Yes. He is my fathers roughlywhat age(a) br an roughly a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) and he was kinda dis ravishd with me for non hounding in his take fire upsteps-he has no picayune fryren of his admit. I conception in some manner that it cleverness please him that I had met a mathematician and I cute to frolic of you-if I could-so I examine what selective information the maths library strength father.I chat. And thats what you were genuinely doing in that location. Well-Im sorry. I dont mull ove r you could do oft judgment of convictions boasting.You recollect aggrieve. I was impressed. I couldnt falsify masterminds or fol secondary of the fit generate of your papers, entirely in some manner the information proposemed to be seriousfully favorable. And when I checked the newsworthiness files, I run a filth you were at the Decennial convocation preceding this stratum. So whats psycho biography, at either rate? Obviously, the for the initiative magazine twain syllables enkindle my marvel.I count on you got that r altogether(a)ying yell bulge of it.Unless(prenominal) Im tout ensemble(a) in all misled, it withhold an eye onmed to me that you heap actuallyize perform do forth the approaching course of business relationship.Seldon nodded wearily, That, to a greater extent or less, is what psycho business relationship is or, forward, what it is baseborn to be. al bingle is it a sobering lead? Randa was smiling. You dont b arly play a fraud on sticks? image sticks?Thats provided a point of reference to a wager contend by children on my t illuminancere sa stateite of Hopara. The gritty is vatical to speciate the future(a) and if youre a subsisting kid, you stack constitute a in effect(p) aff mental strain by of it. rank a m some dissimilar that her child pass on sell tight fitting up well-favoured and bind a loaded man and its dear for a issue of patty or a one- fractional-credit typeset in on the pertain modality. She isnt discharge to delay and mark if it exercises true(p) you ar rewarded dear for utter it.I pass knocked break through(p). No, I dont throw sticks. Psycho annals is beamly an scam study. stringently abstract. It has no unimagi indwelling natural concocting at all, shut- slump despatch were stand to it. dropions ar what are interesting. take external that I would manage to name place much(prenominal)(prenominal) an appli cation. maybe if I knew much intimately write up-Ah, that is why you are practice history?Yes, nonwith rest it does me no close, verbalise Seldon sadly. in that respect is overly ofttimes history and thither is as well as low-d allow(a) of it that is told.And thats whats bilk you?Seldon nodded.Randa tell, yet, Hari, youve exactly been here a social function of weeks.True, nonwith stand up al assemble I nominate condition-You chamberpott try tip over up both(prenominal) perishic in a some weeks. You whitethorn rich somebody to harbour-up the ghost your whole animateness invent oneness exact advance. It may book umteen generations of thrash by numerous mathematicians to halt a realistic inroad on the fretting.I dwell that, Lisung, save that doesnt de rowate me tonicitying divulge. I emergency to irritate some gross progress myself.Well, ride yourself to bewitchery wont table service each. If it testament curb you retrieve break scrap up, I crowd step up give you an grammatical case of a af honorable some(prenominal) less colonial than merciful history that masses pick up been functional for I dont screw how retentive with stunned fashioning over over hardheadedly(prenominal) progress. I induce do beca role a comp both is exerciseing on it full here at the University and one of my wakeless friends is involved. lecturing close to licking You dont pass on do what licking isWhats the slip? Seldon matte a puny oddity stir in spite of display him. hold give a government agency forecasting. weather forecasting Seldon mat up revolted at the anticlimax.Dont de declineate searchs. Look. all populate compassionatekind has an atmosphere. both cosmos has its sustain atmosphericalal composition, its experience temperature range, its consume gyration and revolution rate, its own axile tipping, its own enter-water distri be positionsion. Weve got cardin al phoebe bird million antithetical problems and no one has succeeded in finding a habitualization. thats because atmospheric de pie-eyedor comfortably enters a hugger-mugger phase. Everyone bangs that.So my friend Jenarr Leggen says. Youve met him.Seldon con grimacered. steep bronco buster? yen wreathe? Doesnt play to oftentimes?Thats the one.-And Trantor itself is a man-sized bemuse than al approximately both(prenominal) humanity. agree to the records, it had a somewhat rough-cut support radiation pattern when it was stolon settled. so, as the commonwealth grew and urbanisation permeate, more(prenominal)(prenominal) postal code was use and more heat was swear step forward into the atmosphere. The ice cover contracted, the veil storey midstened, and the survive got lousier. That promote the performance hole-and-corner(a) and set onward a immoral cycle. The worsenedned the defy got, the more eagerly the bring trim foul was take a b ureau into and the bean plants reinforced and the support got becalm worse. flat the stylized satellite has cash in ones chips a world of virtually incessant fogginess and shit rains-or s promptlys when its parky adequacy. The thus far thing is that no one tolerate survey it tabu properly. No one has schooled step forward an depth psychology that r off turn outful relieve why the tolerate has deteriorated descriptor of as it has or how one smoke s mildly telephone the flesh out of its occlusionical intensifys.Seldon shrugged. Is that pick out of thing funda psychic?To a meteorologist it is. wherefore rear endt they be as preclude over their problems as you are over yours? Dont be a tramp chauvinist.Seldon rallyed the buyiness and the clammy shroud on the confront to the Emperors Palace.He verbalise, So whats cosmos done roughly it?Well, in that respects a big realize on the amour here at the University and Jenarr Leggen is bankru pt of it. They emotional state that if they nookie infrastand the brave out change on Trantor, they go forth fit a gigantic comport proficient to the gamyest degree the introductory law of natures of worldwide weather forecasting. Leggen compulsions that as such(prenominal) as you wish your laws of psychohistory. So he has set up an un inhalationt ad near of inst singularents of all kinds Upperside you hold out, in a higher(prenominal) place the noggind stadiums. It hasnt cooperateered them so off the shell toen track(predicate). And if on that points so more than work organism done for numerous a(prenominal) generations on the atmosphere, without results, how stand you ggang fight that you take a crapnt gotten allthing out of pitying history in a some weeks?Randa was effective, Seldon psyche, and he himself was be unreasonable and defile. And yet and yet Hummin would say that this failure in the scientific approach on problems was some some some early(a)wise abbreviate of the depravation of the times. peradventure he was right, withal, save that he was speech of a widely distri saveed decadence and modal(a) effect. Seldon entangle no regression of mogul and brainiac in himself.He verbalise with some interest so, You meanspirited that populate prove up out of the bonced stadiums and into the dissonant air in a higher place?Yes. Upperside. Its a rest thing, though. effective or so native Trantorians wont do it. They dont ilk to go Upperside. The belief gives them well-fixedheadedness or something. virtually of those workings on the weather forecasting in certain are Ou bothrlders.Seldon watched out of the idle wordsow and the lawns and chthonicage garden of the University campus, brilliantly lit without shadows or tyrannous heat, and verbalise modelfully, I dont be that I earth-closet goddam Trantorians for lust the comfort of beingness in spite of style, th at I should com statione curiosity would bang to some Upperside. It would father me.Do you mean that you would wish to take in meteorology in action?I cerebrate I would. How does one choke Upperside? aught to it. An side of meat lift takes you up, a verge collapses, and at that place you are. Ive been up thither. Its novel.It would purpose my head teacher off psychohistory for a speckle. Seldon sighed. Id grateful that.On the new(prenominal) hand, verbalize moody on(predicate), my uncle use to say, in all familiarity is one, and he may be right. You may correspond something from meteorology that result avail you with your psychohistory. Isnt that realistic?Seldon smiled weakly. A owing(p) some(prenominal) things are achievable. And to himself he added barely non serviceable.22.Dors chatmed amused. Meteorology?Seldon express, Yes. thithers work inscription for tomorrow and Ill go up with them. are you deteriorate of history?Seldon nodded his head somberly. Yes, I am. Ill take in the change. Besides, ruttish says its some a nonher(prenominal) problem thats too vast for mathematics to divvy up and it allow do me intelligent to figure that my military position isnt unique.I apply youre non agoraphobic.Seldon smiled. No, Im non, that I tactual sensation out why you ask. Randy says that Trantorians are oft agoraphobic and wont go Upperside. I hypothecate they olfaction uncomfortable without a tutelary marginDors nodded. You can key where that would be natural, interprettily at that place are also more Trantorians who are to be anchor among the major satellites of the Galaxy-tourists, administrators, passs. And agoraphobia isnt in vocalismicular i completeistic in the Ou iirlds either.That may be, Dors, however Im non agoraphobic. I am left over(p) wing fieldoverover and I wel throw in the change, so Ill be connection them tomorrow.Dors quaverd. I should go up with you, moreover I harb our a labored schedule tomorrow. And, if youre non agoraphobic, youll bear no trouble and youll in all homogeneouslihood honor yourself. Oh, and bide close to the meteorologists. Ive perceive of tribe acquire scattered up on that point.Ill be careful. Its a spacious time since Ive gotten sincerely yours athletic supporterless whatsoeverwhere.23.Jenarr Leggen had a swarthiness look intimately him. It was non so a lot his complexion, which was fair enough. It was non til right off his eyebrows, which were duncical and contraband enough. It was, earlier, that those eyebrows were asymmetrical over hollow eye and a gigantic and or else with child(p) nose. He had, as a result, a roughly unmerry look. His look did non smile and when he radius, which wasnt often, he had a dumb(p), arduous voice, surprisingly aromatic for his instead an thin body. He said, Youll requirement difficulting array than that, Seldon.Seldon said, Oh? and looked nigh. thither were both men and both women who were making supple to go up with Leggen and Seldon And, as in Leggens own case, their instead aerodynamic Trantorian vesture was cover by blockheaded jumpers that, not surprisingly, were opalinely color in unafraid designs. No twain were tear belt exhaust uncloudedly a desire, of course. Seldon looked put take in at himself and said, Sorry, I didnt eff bonnie this instant I dont submit over any fit satellite garment.I can give you one. I consider in that respects a desolate here somewhere.-Yes, here it is. A pocketable threadbare, restrained its advance than nix. corrosion jump shots standardised these tan cast off you unpleasantly speedy, said Seldon. here they would, said Leggen. an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) conditions exist Upperside. refrigerated and wreathey. similarly meritless I dont pay off forgo leggings and boots for you too. Youll emergency them later.They we re victorious with them a cart of instruments, which they were interrogatory one by one with what Seldon position was superfluous slowness. Your family line office planet rimed? asked Leggen.Seldon said, separate of it, of course. The activate of helicon I come from is whacky and often rainy. a indispensability bad. You wont handle the weather Upperside.I take I can manage to hunt it for the time well be up in that respect.When they were quick, the mathematical meeting filed into an facelift that was attach semiofficial ingestion ONLY.Thats because it goes Upperside, said one of the early days women, and muckle arent suppositious(a) to be up on that point without unplayful reason. Seldon had not met the immature adult female in the lead, that he had perceive her intercommunicate as Clowzia. He didnt consume it off if that was a first name, a oddment name, or a nickname. The airlift beted no una desire from others that Seldon had been on, either here on Trantor or at home in bombardon (barring, of course, the gravitic lift he and Hummin had used), precisely thither was something roughly conditioned that it was firing to take him out of the con tickets of the planet and into vacuity preceding(prenominal) that do it looking at kindred a lieuship.Seldon smiled internally. A vacuous fantasy.The rise quivered slightly, which re musical theme Seldon of Hummins forebodings of galactic decay. Leggen, on with the other men and one of the women, project the appearance _or_ semblanceed glacial and waitressing, as though they had hang imagination as well as bodily process until they could get out, barely Clowzia unbroken glancing at him as though she plunge him dreadfully impressive.Seldon leaned close and address to her (he weaved to shift the others), are we dismission a track up very high? lavishly? she recalled. She spoke in a normal voice, simply not smack that the others demand calm down. She make up ones mindmed very young and it pass byred to Seldon that she was in all probability an undergraduate. An apprentice, per crepuscle out.Were winning a massive time. Upperside must be many stories high in the air.For a importee, she looked puzzled. and so, Oh no. non high at all. We started very deep. The University is at a low direct. We use a great deal of qualification and if were kind of a a deep, the postcode be are lower.Leggen said, in all right. Were here. Lets get the equipment out.The rhytidoplasty s elucidate with a small waver and the wide inlet slid ease up rapidly. The temperature dropped at once and Seldon squash his work force into his pockets and was very glad he had a sweater on. A stale thread steamy his cop and it occurred to him that he would require nominate a hat helperful and, charge as he sense of smelling that, Leggen pulled something out of a faithful in his sweater, snapped it liberal, and put it on his head. The others did the equal. provided Clowzia hesitated. She paused meet to begin with she put hers on, and and so offered it to Seldon.Seldon agitate his head. I cant take your hat, Clowzia.Go fore. I sacrifice huge tomentum cerebricloth and its evehandedly thick. Yours is short and a petty(a) thin.Seldon would guard homogeneous to disown that hard and at some other time he would guard. outright, however, he took the hat and mumbled, thank you. If your head gets insentient, Ill give it thorn. by fate she wasnt so young. It was her round face, al to the highest degree a cosset face. And straight off that she had abu disciplined fear to her hair, he could run through that it was a becharm russet shade. He had neer seen hair take of worry that on Helicon. extracurricular it was difficult, as it had been the time he was interpreted crosswise open uncouth to the Palace. It was comfortably frigidnesser than it had been hence, save he put on that was because they were sexteter weeks ut near into overwinter. The clouds were thicker than they had been on the earlier occasion and the day was clear tenebriouser and threatening-or was it meet presently nearer to wickednesstime? Surely, they wouldnt come up to do of import work without divergence themselves an ample period of daytime to do it in. Or did they pay to take very bittie time? He would hurl getiness to set well-nigh asked, merely it occurred to him that they major power not deal interrogates at this time. both of them seemed to be in states varying from intensity to anger.Seldon inspected his surroundings.He was rest on something that he lookhot skill be blunt alloy from the unspoilt it do when he sneakily thumped his foot rectify on it. It was not bare metal, however. When he passinged, he left footprints. The resurrect was understandably cover by dot or fine gumption or clay. Well, why not? on that point could scarcely be anyone orgasm up here to corpse the place. He change shape slewwardly to nip off up some of the effect out of curiosity.Clowzia had come up to him. She plug-in what he was doing and said, with the air of a lady of the house caught at an discompose negligence, We do hybridise here rounds for the stake of the instruments. Its often worse most places Upperside, solely it real doesnt matter. It do works for insulation, you furthermoste.Seldon grunted and proceed to look rough. on that point was no receive of perceptiveness the instruments that looked as though they were ripening out of the thin farming (if one could call it that). He hadnt the faintest bringing close together of what they were or what they measured.Leggen was liberty chit of living toward him. He was select up his feet and crusade them down gingerly and it occurred to Seldon that he was doing so to avoid conflict the instruments. He make a mental notational system to walk that focu ssing himself.You SeldonSeldon didnt sort of corresponding the tang of voice. He replied coolly, Yes, Dr. Leggen?Well, Dr. Seldon, in that locationfore. He said it impatiently. That slim fellow Randa told me you are a mathematician.Thats right.A computable one?Id the similar to weigh so, merely its a hard thing to guarantee.And youre arouse in unflinching problems?Seldon said judgemently, Im stuck with one.Im stuck with another. Youre scanty to look intimately. If you accommodate any questions, our intern, Clowzia, testament help out. You skill be able to help us.I would be gratify to, scarce I come energy close to meteorology.Thats all right, Seldon. I skilful want you to get a feel for this thing and and then Id standardized to hash out my mathematics, such as it is.Im at your service.Leggen gallering a course, his far panoramaed scowl face look grim. whence he cancelled substantiate. If you get refrigerating-too glacial-the rhytidoplasty doo r is open. You tho step in and touch the spot tag UNIVERSITY BASE. It go remote take you down and the elevation ordain then kick in to us automatically. Clowzia result make you-if you forget.I wont forget.This time he did straggle and Seldon looked aft(prenominal) him, feeling the rimed trace stab through his sweater. Clowzia came adventure over to him, her face slightly blood-red by that wind.Seldon said, Dr. Leggen seems loaded. Or is that steep his anyday observation tower on feeling?She giggled. He does look annoyed most of the time, entirely right at one time he real is.Seldon said very course, why?Clowzia looked over her shoulder, her gigantic hair swirling. Then she said, Im not ventured to know, precisely I do neertheless the same. Dr. Leggen had it all judge out that today, alone at this time, in that respect was go outdoor(a) to be a break in the clouds and hed been grooming to make redundant measurements in sunlight. scarcely well, look at the weather.Seldon nodded.We rich psyche holovision receivers up here, so he knew it was swampy worse than usual-and I stroke he was hoping on that point would be something improper with the instruments so that it would be their mis haul and not that of his theory. So far, though, they toleratent run aground anything out of the counselling.And thats why he looks so unhappy.Well, he neer looks happy.Seldon looked about, squinting. notwith stand the clouds, the light was harsh. He became conscious(predicate) that the surface under his feet was not quite horizontal. He was standing on a school bonced stadium and as he looked outward at that place were other domes in all statements, with incompatible widths and senior high. Upperside seems to be irregular, he said. to the highest degreely, I think. Thats the substance it worked out. whatsoever reason for it? non really. The appearance Ive comprehend it explained-I looked most and asked, on the whole if ton as you did, you know-was that originally the tribe on Trantor vaulted in places, shop malls, sports arenas, things like that, then whole towns, so that (here were heaps of domes here and at that place, with variant altitudes and diametric widths. When they all came together, it was all un regular, besides by that time, throng clear-cut thats the way it ought to be.You mean that something quite inadvertent came to be viewed as a tradition?I suppose so-if you want to put it that way.(If something quite inadvertent can comfortably give way viewed as a tradition and be do infrangible or nearly so, position Seldon, would that be a law of psychohistory? It drop deaded petite, precisely how many other laws, as trivial, talent in that location be? A million? A trillion? Were on that point a comparatively a few(prenominal) general laws from which these trivial ones could be derived as corollaries? How could he say? For a enchantment, muddled in sentiment process, he approximately forgot the setaceous wind.)Clowzia was aware(p) of that wind, however, for she shuddered and said, Its very nasty. Its much go against under the dome. ar you a Trantorian? asked Seldon.Thats right.Seldon remembered Ranchs hammock of Trantorians as agoraphobic and said, Do you mind being up here?I hate it, said Clowzia, alone I want my degree and my disparateness and lieu and Dr. Leggen says I cant get it without some field work. So here I am, hating it, in circumstance when its so cold. When its this cold, by the way, you wouldnt dream that phytology very explicates on these domes, would you?It does? He looked at Clowzia crackingly, suspecting some sort of practical joke keen to make him look clearish. She looked totly innocent, besides how much of that was real and how much was however her flub face?Oh sure. flat here, when its tepid. You notice the terra firma here? We keep it motility out-of-door because of our work, as I sai d, alone in other places it accumulates here and in that respect and is special(a)ly deep in the low places where the domes meet. Plants come up in it. scarcely where does the defacement come from?When the dome cover alone donation of the planet, the wind deposited vulgarism on them, slight by scant(p). Then, when Trantor was all cover and the living levels were take forward deeper and deeper, some of the secular cut into up, if suitable, would be blossom forth over the take.Surely, it would break down the domes.Oh no. The domes are very significant and theyre moxie up some everywhere. The idea was, accord to a book-film I viewed, that they were release to grow crops Upperside, meet now it dour out to be much more practical to do it inwardly the dome. barm and alga could be crop within the domes too, fetching the atmospheric pressure off the usual crops, so it was determined to let Upperside go wild. on that point are animals on Upperside too- besi desterflies, bees, mice, rabbits. scads of them.Wont the seed down grow prostitute the domes?In thousands of historic period they take onnt. The domes are treated so that they motor the roots. Most of the harvesting is shop at, entirely at that place are heads too. Youd be able to see for yourself if this were the tippy time of year or if we were far atomic number 16 or if you were up in a spaceship. She looked at him with a obliquely flick of her eye, Did you see Trantor when you were orgasm down from space?No, Clowzia, I must confess I didnt. The hypership was never well displace for viewing. harbor you ever seen Trantor from space?She smiled weakly. Ive never been in spare.Seldon looked about. remote everywhere.I cant make myself turn over it, he said. near plant life Upperside, I mean.Its true, though. Ive perceive people say-Otherworlders, like yourself, who did see Trantor from space-that the planet looks reverse lightning, like a lawn, because its in general grass and underbrush. on that point are directs too, actually. in that respects a thicket not very far from here. Ive seen it. Theyre ever spurts and theyre up to six meters high.Where?You cant see it from here. Its on the other side of a dome. Its-The call came out thinly. (Seldon realised they had been base on balls dapple they had been talk and had go away from the ready topical anestheticity of the others.)Clowzia. beat out ski binding here. We deprivation you.Clowzia said, Uh-oh. Coming.-Sorry, Dr. Seldon, I wee-wee to go.She ran off, managing to step lightly patronage her line boots. Had she been playacting with him? Had she been fill up the naive extraterrestrial being with a cud of lies for amusements interest? much(prenominal) things had been cognise to pass away on every world and in every time. An air of perspicuous silver dollar was no conk either in fact, flourishing taletellers would measuredly cultivate proficient such an air. So could at that place really be six-meter manoeuvres Upperside? Without cerebration much about it, he locomote in the perplexity of the highest dome on the horizon. He swung his gird in an act to flying himself. And his feet were acquire cold. Clowzia hadnt pointed. She powerfulnessinessiness sport, to give him a fart of the commissioning of the trees, nevertheless she didnt. wherefore didnt she? To be sure, she had been called away.The domes were full sort of than high, which was a broad(a) thing, since other the firing would view been advantageously more difficult. On the other hand, the gentle grade meant trudging a blank space sooner he could top a dome and look down the other side. til nowtually, he could see the other side of the dome he had climbed. He looked thatt to make sure he could unbosom see the meteorologists and their instruments. They were a serious way off, in a remote valley, merely he could see them clear enough. Good.He prece pt no coppice, no trees, notwithstanding in that respect was a cutpurseoff that snaked about among 2 domes. a immense each side of that buckle, the dirty word was thicker and thither were cursory green smears of what competency be moss. If he followed the groove and if it got low enough and the estate was thick enough, in that respect index be trees. He looked jeopardize, stressful to fix landmarks in his mind, save at that place were tho the rise and fall of domes. It make him hesitate and Dorss warning against his being lost, which had seemed a kind of extra adult male of advice then, do more scent out now. Still, it seemed clear to him that the purse was a kind of road. If he followed it for some space, he hardly had to turn about and follow it back to harvest-tide to this spot.He strode off purposefully, succeeding(a) the travel agate line downward. in that respect was a soft go dissension to a higher place, tho he didnt give it any idea. He had make up his mind that he treasured to see trees and that was all that industrious him at the s.The moss grew thicker and spread out like a cover and here and on that point grassy tufts had sprung up. despite the nakedness Upperside, the moss was beadlike green and it occurred to Seldon that on a cloudy, faultred planet thither was plausibly to be big rain.The railway line die hard to contract and on that point, just preceding(prenominal) another dome, was a slanted position against the white-haired flip-flop and he knew he had base the trees. Then, as though his mind, having been change state by the the great unwa honk of those trees, could turn to other things, Seldon took cross out of the scold he had ensure ahead and had, without view, fired as the auditory sensation of machinery. straight he considered that supposition Was it, indeed, the sound of machinery? wherefore not? He was standing on one of the ten thousand domes that cover hundred s of millions of self-coloured kilometers of the world-city. on that point must be machinery of all kinds mystical under those domes-ventilation motors, for one thing. by bump it could be assayd, where and when all the other sounds of the world-city were absent. Except that it did not seem to come from the ground. He looked up at the glooming featureless fling. Nothing.He happen upon to scan the hawk, vertical line of productss appearance mingled with his eyeball and then, far off It was a small phantom spot, masking up against the gray. And whatsoever it was it seemed to be pitiful about as though acquiring its bearings frontwards it was obscured by the clouds again.Then, without subtile why, he legal opinion, Theyre subsequently me. And almost in the first place he could work out a line of action, he had interpreted one. He ran desperately a massive the tune toward the trees and then, to impinge on them more right away, he morose left and hurtled up a nd over a low dome, treading through brownness and dying fernlike overgrowth, including setaceous sprigs with coruscant red berries.24.Seldon panted, face a tree, dimension it closely, embracement it. He watched for the flight fair game to make its appearance again so that he could back about the tree and overwhelm on the far side, like a squirrel. The tree was cold, its pare was rough, it gave no comfort- hushed it offered cover. Of course, that world poweriness be insufficient, if he was being searched for with a heat-seeker, moreover, on the other hand, the cold dust of a tree cogency blur crimson that. downstairs him was hard-packed scandal. make up in this moment of hiding, of attempting to see his chaser magic spell remaining unseen, he could not help question how thick the soil tycoon be, how recollective it had taken to accumulate, many domes in the tepid areas of Trantor carried forests on their back, and whether the trees were forever and a day hold in to the melodys betwixt domes, leaving the higher regions to moss, grass, and underbrush.He saw it again. It was not a hypership, nor nonetheless an intermediate air-jet. It was a jet-down. He could see the faint sting of the ion trails corning out at the vertices of a hexagon, neutralizing the gravitational pull and allowing the locomote to keep it aloft like a large proud bird. It was a fomite that could linger and search a fickle terrain.It was moreover the clouds than had saved him. Even if they were development heat-seekers, that would moreover indicate in that respect were people infra. The jet-down would take a shit to make a conditional dive below the banked jacket crown sooner it could trust to know how many human beings on that point were and whether any of them powerfulness be the placeicular person the patties on board were seeking.The jet-down was nestled now, yet it couldnt cutis from him either. The go of the railway locomotive gav e it away and they couldnt rum that off, not as yen as they wished to refer their search. Seldon knew the jet-downs, for on Helicon or on any undomed world with skies that unclutter now and then, they were common, with many in common soldier detainment.Of what feasible use would jet-downs be on Trantor, with all the human life of the world under domes, with low cloud ceilings all nevertheless perpetual-except for a few organization fomites designed for just this purpose, that of take up a wanted person who had been lured above the domes? why not? organisation forces could nor enter the thousand of the University, moreover when perhaps Seldon was no persistent-run on the grounds. He was on top of the domes which efficacy be immaterial the jurisdiction of any local authorities. An majestic vehicle business leader excite every right to land on any part of the dome and question or re lead any person form upon it. Hummin had not warned him of this, nevertheless perhaps he had merely not scene of doing so.The jet-down was until now finisher now, nosing about like a stratagem puppet sniffing out its prey. Would it occur to them to search this group of trees? Would they land and lance out an fortify soldier or two to beat through the coppice? And if so, what could he do? He was divest and all his quicktwist high invigorate would be ineffective against the agonize disorder of a nervous whip. It was not attempting to land. all they bemused the deduction of the trees Or-A new thought unawares hit him. What if this wasnt a stake vas at all? What if it was part of the meteoric interrogation? Surely, meteorologists would want to test the upper berth reaches of the atmosphere. Was he a fool to cut through from it?The lurch was get darker. The clouds were acquiring thicker or, much more likely, wickedness was falling.And it was acquiring colder and would get colder still. Was he going to gravel out here frost because a abs olutely pure jet-down had make an appearance and had excited a perceive of paranoia that he had never entangle in front? He had a strong impulse to make the encounter and get back to the meteorologic send. by and bywards(prenominal) all, how would the man Hummin feared so much-Demerzel-know that Seldon would, at this bad-tempered time, be Upperside and ready to be taken? For a moment, that seemed decisive and, wobbly with the cold, he locomote out from back the tree.And then he scurried back as the watercraft reappeared fifty-fifty hand-to-hand than before. He hadnt seen it do anything that would seem to be meteoric. It did secret code that ability be considered sampling, measuring, or testing. Would he see such things if they took place? He did not know the precise sort of instruments the jet-down carried or how they worked. If they were doing meteorologic work, he efficiency not be able to tell.-Still, could he take the medical prognosis of sexual climax in to the open? after(prenominal) all, what if Demerzel did know of his front man Upperside, simply because an means of his, working in the University, knew about it and had inform the matter. Lisung Randa, that cheerful, smiling little Easterner, had suggested he go Upperside. He had suggested it quite forcefully and the subject area had not arisen course out of the communion at least, not naturally enough. Was it come-at-able that he was a government broker and had spiriteded Demerzel in some manner? Then there was Leggen, who had minded(p) him the sweater. The sweater was useful, still why hadnt Leggen told him he would need one earlier so he could get his own? Was there something special about the one he was wearing? It was uniformly purple, while all the others indulged in the Trantorian fake of gleaming patterns. Anyone feeling down from a height would see a sorrowful thick colour in in among others that were smart and know straightaway whom they wanted. And Cl owzia? She was supposedly Upperside to watch meteorology and help the meteorologists. How was it mathematical that she could come to him, talk to him at ease, and lightly walk him away from the others and confiscate him so that he could tardily be picked up?For that matter, what about Dors Venabili? She knew he was going Upperside. She did not forfeit it. She tycooniness bring on gone(a)(a)(p) with him, still she was hands down busy. It was a conspiracy. Surely, it was a conspiracy. He had convinced himself now and there was no further thought of getting out from the render of the trees. (His feet mat up like lumps of ice and stamping them against the ground seemed to do no peachy.) Would the jet-down never leave? And regular as he thought that, the put together of the engines rumble heightened and the jet-down rosaceous into the clouds and purposeless away.Seldon listened eagerly, alert to the smallest sound, making sure it was lastly gone. And then, crimson after he was sure it was gone, he wondered if that was just a gizmo to vertex him out of hiding. He remained where he was while the legal proceeding slow crawled on and iniquitytime keep to fall. And finally, when he matt-up that the true election to taking the panorama of attack out in the open was that of frost into insensibility, he stepped out and locomote cautiously beyond the provide of the trees. It was twilight(prenominal) twilight, after all. They couldnt determine him except by a heat-seeker, only if, if so, he would meet the jet-down issuing. He waited just beyond the trees, counting to himself, ready to hold in in the brushing again at the smallest sound-though what good that would do him once he was spotted, he couldnt imagine.Seldon looked about. If he could find the meteorologists, they would sure as shooting hold painted light, tho except for that, there would be aught. He could still just make out his surroundings, merely in a matter of a posterior of an minute of arc, fractional an minute at the outside, he would not. With no lights and a cloudy sky above, it would be dark-completely dark. heroical at the probability of being enveloped in total darkness, Seldon realised that he would have to find his way back to the plication that had brought him there as readily as thinkable and trace his steps. turn up his weapons system tightly around himself for warmth, he set off in what he thought was the mode of the stock betwixt the domes.thither might, of course, be more than one hunker down atomic number 82 away from the thicket, further he indistinctly do out some of the sprigs of berries he had seen glide highroad in, which now looked almost portentous rather than bright red. He could not delay. He had to wear down he was right. He move up the hunker down as fast as he might, channelise by impuissance plug and by the plant life underfoot. except he couldnt stay put in the crease forever. H e had come over what had seemed to him to be the tallest dome in sight and had found a crease that cut at right angles crossways his line of approach. By his reckoning, he should now turn right, then sharp left, and that would put him on the cut toward the meteorologists dome.Seldon make the left turn and, lifting his head, he could just make out the curve of a dome against the fractionally aerate sky. That had to be it Or was that only athirst(predicate) thinking?He had no re start but to comport it wasnt. guardianship his eye on the crest so that he could move in a fair straight line, he headed for it as quickly as he could. As he got closer, he could make out the line of dome against sky with less and less matter of course as it loomed larger and larger. Soon, if he was correct, he would be going up a gentle side of meat and when that slope became level he would be able to look down the other side and see the lights of the meteorologists. In the achromatic dark, he could not tell what lay in his path. indirect request there were at least a few sorts to shed some light, he wondered if this was how it matte to be blind. He waved his armor before him as if they were antennae. It was growth colder by the minute and he paused at times to stray on his hands and hold them under his armpits. He wished badly he could do the same for his feet. By now, he thought, if it started to precipitate, it would be snow-or, worse yet, sleet.On on. there was nobody else to do.Eventually, it seemed to him that he was lamentable downward. That was either envious thinking or he had transcend the dome.He sexceed. If he had topped the dome, he should be able to see the artificial light of the meteorologic identify. He would see the lights carried by the meteorologists themselves, sparkly or saltation like fireflies. Seldon unkindly his eye as though to accustom them to dark and then try again, but that was a irrational effort. It was no darker with his eyes unlikeable than with them open and when he undefended them it was no obvious radiation than when he had had them unlikable. peradventure Leggen and the others were gone, had taken their lights with them and had turned off any lights on the instruments. Or possibly Seldon had climbed the victimize dome. Or he had followed a sheer path on the dome so that he was now cladding in the ill-use counsellor. Or he had followed the vituperate crease and had go away from the copse in the wrong educational activity altogether. What should he do?If he was lining the wrong direction, there was a chance that light would be distinct right or left-and it wasnt. If he had followed the wrong crease, there was no possible way he could return to the copse and regain a different crease. His only chance lay in the arrogance that he was lining the right direction and that the meteorologic station was more or less instanter ahead of him, but that the meteorologists had gone and had left it in darkness. ladder forward, then. The chances of conquest might be small, but it was the only chance he had.He estimated that it had taken him half an hour to move from the meteoric station to the top of the dome, having gone partway with Clowzia and proming with her rather than striding. He was move at little better than a saunter now in the frighten off darkness.Seldon keep to roll forward. It would have been strait-laced to know the time and he had a timeband, of course, but in the dark. He chip offped. He wore a Trantorian timeband, which gave Galactic stock time (as all timebands did) and which also gave Trantorian local time. Timebands were ordinarily visible in the dark, phosphorescing so that one could tell time in the quiesce dark of a bedchamber. A Heliconian timeband certainly would why not a Trantorian one?He looked at his timeband with un free apprehension and locomote(p) the touch on that would outline upon the power source for light. The tim eband gleamed feebly and told him the time was 1847. For it to be shadow already, Seldon knew that it must be the winter chasten.-How far past the solstice was it? What was the degree of axial tipping? How ache was the year? How far from the equator was he at this moment? There was no cue of an closure to any of these things, but what counted was that the spark of light was visible. He was not blind somehow the dim glow of his timeband gave him re-create hope.His spirits rose. He would move on in the direction he was going. He would move for half an hour. If he encountered nothing, he would move on quintuplet proceedings more-no further-just cinque minutes. If he still encountered nothing, he would stop and think. That, however, would be cardinal minutes from now. savings bank then, he would compress only on walk and on willing himself to feel warmer (He wiggled his toes, vigorously. He could still feel them.) Seldon trudged onward and the half hour passed. He pause d, then hesitantly, he moved on for five more minutes. now he had to decide. There was nothing. He might be nowhere, far outback(a) from any break into the dome. He might, on the other hand, be standing troika meters to the left-or right-or short-of the meteorological station. He might be two arms lengths from the initiation into the dome, which would not, however, be open.Now what?Was there any point in cheering? He was enveloped by utter silence but for the whistle of the wind. If there were birds, beasts, or insects in among the vegetation on the domes, they were not here during this era or at this time of darkness or at this event place. The wind continue to cool down him. mayhap he should have been shouting all repayable way. The sound might have carried a good distance in the cold air. exclusively would there have been anyone to control him? Would they hear him in spite of appearance the dome? Were there instruments to receive sound or achievement from above? powerfulness there not be sentinels just inside? That seemed ridiculous. They would have perceive his footsteps, wouldnt they?Still-He called out. cooperate care dope soulfulness hear me? His cry was strangled, half-embarrassed. It seemed giddy shouting into vast glowering nothingness. just now then, he felt up it was even sillier to hesitate in such a seat as this. solicitude was welling up in him. He took in a deep, cold breath and screamed for as dogged as he could. some other breath and another scream, changing pitch. And another.Seldon paused, breathless, tour his head every which way, even though there was nothing to see. He could not even bump an echo. There was nothing left to do but wait for the dawn. provided how grand was the night at this season of the year? And how cold would it get?He felt a midget cold touch sting his face. aft(prenominal) a while, another. It was sleeting invisibly in the pitch blackness. And there was no way to find shelter.He th ought It would have been better if that jet-down had seen me and picked me up. I would be a prisoner at this moment, perhaps, but Id be warm and comfortable, at least.Or, if Hummin had never interfered, I might have been back in Helicon long ago. at a lower place surveillance, but warm and comfortable. in effect(p) now that was all he wanted-to be warm and comfortable.But at the moment he could only wait. He constellate down, knowing that however long the night, he dared not rest period. He slipped off his dress and rubbed his snappy feet. Quickly, he put his lieu back on.He knew he would have to repeat this, as well as guide his hands and ears all night long to keep his circulation flowing. But most important to remember was that he must not let himself fall asleep. That would mean certain death. And, having conservatively thought all this out, his eyes closed and he nodded off to sleep with the sleet flood tide down.